neovim

normal.c (201292B)

---

//
// normal.c:    Contains the main routine for processing characters in command
//              mode.  Communicates closely with the code in ops.c to handle
//              the operators.
//

#include <assert.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>

#include "nvim/api/private/helpers.h"
#include "nvim/ascii_defs.h"
#include "nvim/autocmd.h"
#include "nvim/autocmd_defs.h"
#include "nvim/buffer.h"
#include "nvim/buffer_defs.h"
#include "nvim/change.h"
#include "nvim/charset.h"
#include "nvim/cmdhist.h"
#include "nvim/cursor.h"
#include "nvim/decoration.h"
#include "nvim/diff.h"
#include "nvim/digraph.h"
#include "nvim/drawscreen.h"
#include "nvim/edit.h"
#include "nvim/errors.h"
#include "nvim/eval.h"
#include "nvim/eval/vars.h"
#include "nvim/ex_cmds.h"
#include "nvim/ex_cmds2.h"
#include "nvim/ex_docmd.h"
#include "nvim/ex_eval.h"
#include "nvim/ex_getln.h"
#include "nvim/file_search.h"
#include "nvim/fileio.h"
#include "nvim/fold.h"
#include "nvim/getchar.h"
#include "nvim/gettext_defs.h"
#include "nvim/globals.h"
#include "nvim/grid.h"
#include "nvim/help.h"
#include "nvim/highlight.h"
#include "nvim/highlight_defs.h"
#include "nvim/keycodes.h"
#include "nvim/macros_defs.h"
#include "nvim/mapping.h"
#include "nvim/mark.h"
#include "nvim/mark_defs.h"
#include "nvim/math.h"
#include "nvim/mbyte.h"
#include "nvim/mbyte_defs.h"
#include "nvim/memline.h"
#include "nvim/memline_defs.h"
#include "nvim/memory.h"
#include "nvim/message.h"
#include "nvim/mouse.h"
#include "nvim/move.h"
#include "nvim/normal.h"
#include "nvim/ops.h"
#include "nvim/option.h"
#include "nvim/option_vars.h"
#include "nvim/os/input.h"
#include "nvim/os/time.h"
#include "nvim/plines.h"
#include "nvim/profile.h"
#include "nvim/quickfix.h"
#include "nvim/register.h"
#include "nvim/search.h"
#include "nvim/spell.h"
#include "nvim/spell_defs.h"
#include "nvim/spellfile.h"
#include "nvim/spellsuggest.h"
#include "nvim/state.h"
#include "nvim/state_defs.h"
#include "nvim/statusline.h"
#include "nvim/strings.h"
#include "nvim/syntax.h"
#include "nvim/tag.h"
#include "nvim/terminal.h"
#include "nvim/textformat.h"
#include "nvim/textobject.h"
#include "nvim/types_defs.h"
#include "nvim/ui.h"
#include "nvim/ui_defs.h"
#include "nvim/undo.h"
#include "nvim/vim_defs.h"
#include "nvim/window.h"

typedef struct {
 VimState state;
 bool command_finished;
 bool ctrl_w;
 bool need_flushbuf;
 bool set_prevcount;
 bool previous_got_int;             // `got_int` was true
 bool cmdwin;                       // command-line window normal mode
 bool noexmode;                     // true if the normal mode was pushed from
                                    // ex mode (:global or :visual for example)
 bool toplevel;                     // top-level normal mode
 oparg_T oa;                        // operator arguments
 cmdarg_T ca;                       // command arguments
 int mapped_len;
 int old_mapped_len;
 int idx;
 int c;
 int old_col;
 pos_T old_pos;
} NormalState;

static int VIsual_mode_orig = NUL;              // saved Visual mode

#include "normal.c.generated.h"

static const char e_changelist_is_empty[] = N_("E664: Changelist is empty");
static const char e_cmdline_window_already_open[]
 = N_("E1292: Command-line window is already open");

static inline void normal_state_init(NormalState *s)
{
 memset(s, 0, sizeof(NormalState));
 s->state.check = normal_check;
 s->state.execute = normal_execute;
}

// nv_*(): functions called to handle Normal and Visual mode commands.
// n_*(): functions called to handle Normal mode commands.
// v_*(): functions called to handle Visual mode commands.

static const char *e_noident = N_("E349: No identifier under cursor");

/// Function to be called for a Normal or Visual mode command.
/// The argument is a cmdarg_T.
typedef void (*nv_func_T)(cmdarg_T *cap);

// Values for cmd_flags.
#define NV_NCH      0x01          // may need to get a second char
#define NV_NCH_NOP  (0x02|NV_NCH)  // get second char when no operator pending
#define NV_NCH_ALW  (0x04|NV_NCH)  // always get a second char
#define NV_LANG     0x08        // second char needs language adjustment

#define NV_SS       0x10        // may start selection
#define NV_SSS      0x20        // may start selection with shift modifier
#define NV_STS      0x40        // may stop selection without shift modif.
#define NV_RL       0x80        // 'rightleft' modifies command
#define NV_KEEPREG  0x100       // don't clear regname
#define NV_NCW      0x200       // not allowed in command-line window

// Generally speaking, every Normal mode command should either clear any
// pending operator (with *clearop*()), or set the motion type variable
// oap->motion_type.
//
// When a cursor motion command is made, it is marked as being a character or
// line oriented motion.  Then, if an operator is in effect, the operation
// becomes character or line oriented accordingly.

/// This table contains one entry for every Normal or Visual mode command.
/// The order doesn't matter, init_normal_cmds() will create a sorted index.
/// It is faster when all keys from zero to '~' are present.
static const struct nv_cmd {
 int cmd_char;                 ///< (first) command character
 nv_func_T cmd_func;           ///< function for this command
 uint16_t cmd_flags;           ///< NV_ flags
 int16_t cmd_arg;              ///< value for ca.arg
} nv_cmds[] = {
 { NUL,       nv_error,       0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_A,    nv_addsub,      0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_B,    nv_page,        NV_STS,                 BACKWARD },
 { Ctrl_C,    nv_esc,         0,                      true },
 { Ctrl_D,    nv_halfpage,    0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_E,    nv_scroll_line, 0,                      true },
 { Ctrl_F,    nv_page,        NV_STS,                 FORWARD },
 { Ctrl_G,    nv_ctrlg,       0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_H,    nv_ctrlh,       0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_I,    nv_pcmark,      0,                      0 },
 { NL,        nv_down,        0,                      false },
 { Ctrl_K,    nv_error,       0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_L,    nv_clear,       0,                      0 },
 { CAR,       nv_down,        0,                      true },
 { Ctrl_N,    nv_down,        NV_STS,                 false },
 { Ctrl_O,    nv_ctrlo,       0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_P,    nv_up,          NV_STS,                 false },
 { Ctrl_Q,    nv_visual,      0,                      false },
 { Ctrl_R,    nv_redo_or_register, 0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_S,    nv_ignore,      0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_T,    nv_tagpop,      NV_NCW,                 0 },
 { Ctrl_U,    nv_halfpage,    0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_V,    nv_visual,      0,                      false },
 { 'V',       nv_visual,      0,                      false },
 { 'v',       nv_visual,      0,                      false },
 { Ctrl_W,    nv_window,      0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_X,    nv_addsub,      0,                      0 },
 { Ctrl_Y,    nv_scroll_line, 0,                      false },
 { Ctrl_Z,    nv_suspend,     0,                      0 },
 { ESC,       nv_esc,         0,                      false },
 { Ctrl_BSL,  nv_normal,      NV_NCH_ALW,             0 },
 { Ctrl_RSB,  nv_ident,       NV_NCW,                 0 },
 { Ctrl_HAT,  nv_hat,         NV_NCW,                 0 },
 { Ctrl__,    nv_error,       0,                      0 },
 { ' ',       nv_right,       0,                      0 },
 { '!',       nv_operator,    0,                      0 },
 { '"',       nv_regname,     NV_NCH_NOP|NV_KEEPREG,  0 },
 { '#',       nv_ident,       0,                      0 },
 { '$',       nv_dollar,      0,                      0 },
 { '%',       nv_percent,     0,                      0 },
 { '&',       nv_optrans,     0,                      0 },
 { '\'',      nv_gomark,      NV_NCH_ALW,             true },
 { '(',       nv_brace,       0,                      BACKWARD },
 { ')',       nv_brace,       0,                      FORWARD },
 { '*',       nv_ident,       0,                      0 },
 { '+',       nv_down,        0,                      true },
 { ',',       nv_csearch,     0,                      true },
 { '-',       nv_up,          0,                      true },
 { '.',       nv_dot,         NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { '/',       nv_search,      0,                      false },
 { '0',       nv_beginline,   0,                      0 },
 { '1',       nv_ignore,      0,                      0 },
 { '2',       nv_ignore,      0,                      0 },
 { '3',       nv_ignore,      0,                      0 },
 { '4',       nv_ignore,      0,                      0 },
 { '5',       nv_ignore,      0,                      0 },
 { '6',       nv_ignore,      0,                      0 },
 { '7',       nv_ignore,      0,                      0 },
 { '8',       nv_ignore,      0,                      0 },
 { '9',       nv_ignore,      0,                      0 },
 { ':',       nv_colon,       0,                      0 },
 { ';',       nv_csearch,     0,                      false },
 { '<',       nv_operator,    NV_RL,                  0 },
 { '=',       nv_operator,    0,                      0 },
 { '>',       nv_operator,    NV_RL,                  0 },
 { '?',       nv_search,      0,                      false },
 { '@',       nv_at,          NV_NCH_NOP,             false },
 { 'A',       nv_edit,        0,                      0 },
 { 'B',       nv_bck_word,    0,                      1 },
 { 'C',       nv_abbrev,      NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { 'D',       nv_abbrev,      NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { 'E',       nv_wordcmd,     0,                      true },
 { 'F',       nv_csearch,     NV_NCH_ALW|NV_LANG,     BACKWARD },
 { 'G',       nv_goto,        0,                      true },
 { 'H',       nv_scroll,      0,                      0 },
 { 'I',       nv_edit,        0,                      0 },
 { 'J',       nv_join,        0,                      0 },
 { 'K',       nv_ident,       0,                      0 },
 { 'L',       nv_scroll,      0,                      0 },
 { 'M',       nv_scroll,      0,                      0 },
 { 'N',       nv_next,        0,                      SEARCH_REV },
 { 'O',       nv_open,        0,                      0 },
 { 'P',       nv_put,         0,                      0 },
 { 'Q',       nv_regreplay, 0,                      0 },
 { 'R',       nv_Replace,     0,                      false },
 { 'S',       nv_subst,       NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { 'T',       nv_csearch,     NV_NCH_ALW|NV_LANG,     BACKWARD },
 { 'U',       nv_Undo,        0,                      0 },
 { 'W',       nv_wordcmd,     0,                      true },
 { 'X',       nv_abbrev,      NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { 'Y',       nv_abbrev,      NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { 'Z',       nv_Zet,         NV_NCH_NOP|NV_NCW,      0 },
 { '[',       nv_brackets,    NV_NCH_ALW,             BACKWARD },
 { '\\',      nv_error,       0,                      0 },
 { ']',       nv_brackets,    NV_NCH_ALW,             FORWARD },
 { '^',       nv_beginline,   0,                      BL_WHITE | BL_FIX },
 { '_',       nv_lineop,      0,                      0 },
 { '`',       nv_gomark,      NV_NCH_ALW,             false },
 { 'a',       nv_edit,        NV_NCH,                 0 },
 { 'b',       nv_bck_word,    0,                      0 },
 { 'c',       nv_operator,    0,                      0 },
 { 'd',       nv_operator,    0,                      0 },
 { 'e',       nv_wordcmd,     0,                      false },
 { 'f',       nv_csearch,     NV_NCH_ALW|NV_LANG,     FORWARD },
 { 'g',       nv_g_cmd,       NV_NCH_ALW,             false },
 { 'h',       nv_left,        NV_RL,                  0 },
 { 'i',       nv_edit,        NV_NCH,                 0 },
 { 'j',       nv_down,        0,                      false },
 { 'k',       nv_up,          0,                      false },
 { 'l',       nv_right,       NV_RL,                  0 },
 { 'm',       nv_mark,        NV_NCH_NOP,             0 },
 { 'n',       nv_next,        0,                      0 },
 { 'o',       nv_open,        0,                      0 },
 { 'p',       nv_put,         0,                      0 },
 { 'q',       nv_record,      NV_NCH,                 0 },
 { 'r',       nv_replace,     NV_NCH_NOP|NV_LANG,     0 },
 { 's',       nv_subst,       NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { 't',       nv_csearch,     NV_NCH_ALW|NV_LANG,     FORWARD },
 { 'u',       nv_undo,        0,                      0 },
 { 'w',       nv_wordcmd,     0,                      false },
 { 'x',       nv_abbrev,      NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { 'y',       nv_operator,    0,                      0 },
 { 'z',       nv_zet,         NV_NCH_ALW,             0 },
 { '{',       nv_findpar,     0,                      BACKWARD },
 { '|',       nv_pipe,        0,                      0 },
 { '}',       nv_findpar,     0,                      FORWARD },
 { '~',       nv_tilde,       0,                      0 },

 // pound sign
 { POUND,     nv_ident,       0,                      0 },
 { K_MOUSEUP, nv_mousescroll, 0,                      MSCR_UP },
 { K_MOUSEDOWN, nv_mousescroll, 0,                    MSCR_DOWN },
 { K_MOUSELEFT, nv_mousescroll, 0,                    MSCR_LEFT },
 { K_MOUSERIGHT, nv_mousescroll, 0,                   MSCR_RIGHT },
 { K_LEFTMOUSE, nv_mouse,     0,                      0 },
 { K_LEFTMOUSE_NM, nv_mouse,  0,                      0 },
 { K_LEFTDRAG, nv_mouse,      0,                      0 },
 { K_LEFTRELEASE, nv_mouse,   0,                      0 },
 { K_LEFTRELEASE_NM, nv_mouse, 0,                     0 },
 { K_MOUSEMOVE, nv_mouse,     0,                      0 },
 { K_MIDDLEMOUSE, nv_mouse,   0,                      0 },
 { K_MIDDLEDRAG, nv_mouse,    0,                      0 },
 { K_MIDDLERELEASE, nv_mouse, 0,                      0 },
 { K_RIGHTMOUSE, nv_mouse,    0,                      0 },
 { K_RIGHTDRAG, nv_mouse,     0,                      0 },
 { K_RIGHTRELEASE, nv_mouse,  0,                      0 },
 { K_X1MOUSE, nv_mouse,       0,                      0 },
 { K_X1DRAG, nv_mouse,        0,                      0 },
 { K_X1RELEASE, nv_mouse,     0,                      0 },
 { K_X2MOUSE, nv_mouse,       0,                      0 },
 { K_X2DRAG, nv_mouse,        0,                      0 },
 { K_X2RELEASE, nv_mouse,     0,                      0 },
 { K_IGNORE,  nv_ignore,      NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { K_NOP,     nv_nop,         0,                      0 },
 { K_INS,     nv_edit,        0,                      0 },
 { K_KINS,    nv_edit,        0,                      0 },
 { K_BS,      nv_ctrlh,       0,                      0 },
 { K_UP,      nv_up,          NV_SSS|NV_STS,          false },
 { K_S_UP,    nv_page,        NV_SS,                  BACKWARD },
 { K_DOWN,    nv_down,        NV_SSS|NV_STS,          false },
 { K_S_DOWN,  nv_page,        NV_SS,                  FORWARD },
 { K_LEFT,    nv_left,        NV_SSS|NV_STS|NV_RL,    0 },
 { K_S_LEFT,  nv_bck_word,    NV_SS|NV_RL,            0 },
 { K_C_LEFT,  nv_bck_word,    NV_SSS|NV_RL|NV_STS,    1 },
 { K_RIGHT,   nv_right,       NV_SSS|NV_STS|NV_RL,    0 },
 { K_S_RIGHT, nv_wordcmd,     NV_SS|NV_RL,            false },
 { K_C_RIGHT, nv_wordcmd,     NV_SSS|NV_RL|NV_STS,    true },
 { K_PAGEUP,  nv_page,        NV_SSS|NV_STS,          BACKWARD },
 { K_KPAGEUP, nv_page,        NV_SSS|NV_STS,          BACKWARD },
 { K_PAGEDOWN, nv_page,       NV_SSS|NV_STS,          FORWARD },
 { K_KPAGEDOWN, nv_page,      NV_SSS|NV_STS,          FORWARD },
 { K_END,     nv_end,         NV_SSS|NV_STS,          false },
 { K_KEND,    nv_end,         NV_SSS|NV_STS,          false },
 { K_S_END,   nv_end,         NV_SS,                  false },
 { K_C_END,   nv_end,         NV_SSS|NV_STS,          true },
 { K_HOME,    nv_home,        NV_SSS|NV_STS,          0 },
 { K_KHOME,   nv_home,        NV_SSS|NV_STS,          0 },
 { K_S_HOME,  nv_home,        NV_SS,                  0 },
 { K_C_HOME,  nv_goto,        NV_SSS|NV_STS,          false },
 { K_DEL,     nv_abbrev,      0,                      0 },
 { K_KDEL,    nv_abbrev,      0,                      0 },
 { K_UNDO,    nv_kundo,       0,                      0 },
 { K_HELP,    nv_help,        NV_NCW,                 0 },
 { K_F1,      nv_help,        NV_NCW,                 0 },
 { K_XF1,     nv_help,        NV_NCW,                 0 },
 { K_SELECT,  nv_select,      0,                      0 },
 { K_PASTE_START, nv_paste,   NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { K_EVENT,   nv_event,       NV_KEEPREG,             0 },
 { K_COMMAND, nv_colon,       0,                      0 },
 { K_LUA, nv_colon,           0,                      0 },
};

// Number of commands in nv_cmds[].
#define NV_CMDS_SIZE ARRAY_SIZE(nv_cmds)

// Sorted index of commands in nv_cmds[].
static int16_t nv_cmd_idx[NV_CMDS_SIZE];

// The highest index for which
// nv_cmds[idx].cmd_char == nv_cmd_idx[nv_cmds[idx].cmd_char]
static int nv_max_linear;

/// Compare functions for qsort() below, that checks the command character
/// through the index in nv_cmd_idx[].
static int nv_compare(const void *s1, const void *s2)
{
 // The commands are sorted on absolute value.
 int c1 = nv_cmds[*(const int16_t *)s1].cmd_char;
 int c2 = nv_cmds[*(const int16_t *)s2].cmd_char;
 if (c1 < 0) {
   c1 = -c1;
 }
 if (c2 < 0) {
   c2 = -c2;
 }
 return c1 == c2 ? 0 : c1 > c2 ? 1 : -1;
}

/// Initialize the nv_cmd_idx[] table.
void init_normal_cmds(void)
{
 assert(NV_CMDS_SIZE <= SHRT_MAX);

 // Fill the index table with a one to one relation.
 for (int16_t i = 0; i < (int16_t)NV_CMDS_SIZE; i++) {
   nv_cmd_idx[i] = i;
 }

 // Sort the commands by the command character.
 qsort(&nv_cmd_idx, NV_CMDS_SIZE, sizeof(int16_t), nv_compare);

 // Find the first entry that can't be indexed by the command character.
 int16_t i;
 for (i = 0; i < (int16_t)NV_CMDS_SIZE; i++) {
   if (i != nv_cmds[nv_cmd_idx[i]].cmd_char) {
     break;
   }
 }
 nv_max_linear = i - 1;
}

/// Search for a command in the commands table.
///
/// @return  -1 for invalid command.
static int find_command(int cmdchar)
{
 // A multi-byte character is never a command.
 if (cmdchar >= 0x100) {
   return -1;
 }

 // We use the absolute value of the character.  Special keys have a
 // negative value, but are sorted on their absolute value.
 if (cmdchar < 0) {
   cmdchar = -cmdchar;
 }

 // If the character is in the first part: The character is the index into
 // nv_cmd_idx[].
 assert(nv_max_linear < (int)NV_CMDS_SIZE);
 if (cmdchar <= nv_max_linear) {
   return nv_cmd_idx[cmdchar];
 }

 // Perform a binary search.
 int bot = nv_max_linear + 1;
 int top = NV_CMDS_SIZE - 1;
 int idx = -1;
 while (bot <= top) {
   int i = (top + bot) / 2;
   int c = nv_cmds[nv_cmd_idx[i]].cmd_char;
   if (c < 0) {
     c = -c;
   }
   if (cmdchar == c) {
     idx = nv_cmd_idx[i];
     break;
   }
   if (cmdchar > c) {
     bot = i + 1;
   } else {
     top = i - 1;
   }
 }
 return idx;
}

/// If currently editing a cmdline or text is locked: beep and give an error
/// message, return true.
static bool check_text_locked(oparg_T *oap)
{
 if (!text_locked()) {
   return false;
 }

 if (oap != NULL) {
   clearopbeep(oap);
 }
 text_locked_msg();
 return true;
}

/// If text is locked, "curbuf->b_ro_locked" or "allbuf_lock" is set:
/// Give an error message, possibly beep and return true.
/// "oap" may be NULL.
bool check_text_or_curbuf_locked(oparg_T *oap)
{
 if (check_text_locked(oap)) {
   return true;
 }

 if (!curbuf_locked()) {
   return false;
 }

 if (oap != NULL) {
   clearop(oap);
 }
 return true;
}

static oparg_T *current_oap = NULL;

/// Check if an operator was started but not finished yet.
/// Includes typing a count or a register name.
bool op_pending(void)
{
 return !(current_oap != NULL
          && !finish_op
          && current_oap->prev_opcount == 0
          && current_oap->prev_count0 == 0
          && current_oap->op_type == OP_NOP
          && current_oap->regname == NUL);
}

/// Normal state entry point. This is called on:
///
/// - Startup, In this case the function never returns.
/// - The command-line window is opened (`q:`). Returns when `cmdwin_result` != 0.
/// - The :visual command is called from :global in ex mode, `:global/PAT/visual`
///   for example. Returns when re-entering ex mode (because ex mode recursion is
///   not allowed)
///
/// This used to be called main_loop() on main.c
void normal_enter(bool cmdwin, bool noexmode)
{
 NormalState state;
 normal_state_init(&state);
 oparg_T *prev_oap = current_oap;
 current_oap = &state.oa;
 state.cmdwin = cmdwin;
 state.noexmode = noexmode;
 state.toplevel = (!cmdwin || cmdwin_result == 0) && !noexmode;
 state_enter(&state.state);
 current_oap = prev_oap;
}

static void normal_prepare(NormalState *s)
{
 CLEAR_FIELD(s->ca);  // also resets s->ca.retval
 s->ca.oap = &s->oa;

 // Use a count remembered from before entering an operator. After typing "3d"
 // we return from normal_cmd() and come back here, the "3" is remembered in
 // "opcount".
 s->ca.opcount = opcount;

 // If there is an operator pending, then the command we take this time will
 // terminate it. Finish_op tells us to finish the operation before returning
 // this time (unless the operation was cancelled).
 int c = finish_op;
 finish_op = (s->oa.op_type != OP_NOP);
 if (finish_op != c) {
   ui_cursor_shape();  // may show different cursor shape
 }
 may_trigger_modechanged();

 s->set_prevcount = false;
 // When not finishing an operator and no register name typed, reset the count.
 if (!finish_op && !s->oa.regname) {
   s->ca.opcount = 0;
   s->set_prevcount = true;
 }

 // Restore counts from before receiving K_EVENT.  This means after
 // typing "3", handling K_EVENT and then typing "2" we get "32", not
 // "3 * 2".
 if (s->oa.prev_opcount > 0 || s->oa.prev_count0 > 0) {
   s->ca.opcount = s->oa.prev_opcount;
   s->ca.count0 = s->oa.prev_count0;
   s->oa.prev_opcount = 0;
   s->oa.prev_count0 = 0;
 }

 s->mapped_len = typebuf_maplen();
 State = MODE_NORMAL_BUSY;

 // Set v:count here, when called from main() and not a stuffed command, so
 // that v:count can be used in an expression mapping when there is no count.
 // Do set it for redo
 if (s->toplevel && readbuf1_empty()) {
   set_vcount_ca(&s->ca, &s->set_prevcount);
 }
}

static bool normal_handle_special_visual_command(NormalState *s)
{
 // when 'keymodel' contains "stopsel" may stop Select/Visual mode
 if (km_stopsel
     && (nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags & NV_STS)
     && !(mod_mask & MOD_MASK_SHIFT)) {
   end_visual_mode();
   redraw_curbuf_later(UPD_INVERTED);
 }

 // Keys that work different when 'keymodel' contains "startsel"
 if (km_startsel) {
   if (nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags & NV_SS) {
     unshift_special(&s->ca);
     s->idx = find_command(s->ca.cmdchar);
     if (s->idx < 0) {
       // Just in case
       clearopbeep(&s->oa);
       return true;
     }
   } else if ((nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags & NV_SSS)
              && (mod_mask & MOD_MASK_SHIFT)) {
     mod_mask &= ~MOD_MASK_SHIFT;
   }
 }
 return false;
}

static bool normal_need_additional_char(NormalState *s)
{
 int flags = nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags;
 bool pending_op = s->oa.op_type != OP_NOP;
 int cmdchar = s->ca.cmdchar;
 // without NV_NCH we never need to check for an additional char
 return flags & NV_NCH && (
                           // NV_NCH_NOP is set and no operator is pending, get a second char
                           ((flags & NV_NCH_NOP) == NV_NCH_NOP && !pending_op)
                           // NV_NCH_ALW is set, always get a second char
                           || (flags & NV_NCH_ALW) == NV_NCH_ALW
                           // 'q' without a pending operator, recording or executing a register,
                           // needs to be followed by a second char, examples:
                           // - qc => record using register c
                           // - q: => open command-line window
                           || (cmdchar == 'q'
                               && !pending_op
                               && reg_recording == 0
                               && reg_executing == 0)
                           // 'a' or 'i' after an operator is a text object, examples:
                           // - ciw => change inside word
                           // - da( => delete parenthesis and everything inside.
                           // Also, don't do anything when these keys are received in visual mode
                           // so just get another char.
                           //
                           // TODO(tarruda): Visual state needs to be refactored into a
                           // separate state that "inherits" from normal state.
                           || ((cmdchar == 'a' || cmdchar == 'i')
                               && (pending_op || VIsual_active)));
}

static bool normal_need_redraw_mode_message(NormalState *s)
{
 // In Visual mode and with "^O" in Insert mode, a short message will be
 // overwritten by the mode message.  Wait a bit, until a key is hit.
 // In Visual mode, it's more important to keep the Visual area updated
 // than keeping a message (e.g. from a /pat search).
 // Only do this if the command was typed, not from a mapping.
 // Don't wait when emsg_silent is non-zero.
 // Also wait a bit after an error message, e.g. for "^O:".
 // Don't redraw the screen, it would remove the message.
 return (
         // 'showmode' is set and messages can be printed
         ((p_smd && msg_silent == 0
           // must restart insert mode (ctrl+o or ctrl+l) or just entered visual mode
           && (restart_edit != 0 || (VIsual_active
                                     && s->old_pos.lnum == curwin->w_cursor.lnum
                                     && s->old_pos.col == curwin->w_cursor.col))
           // command-line must be cleared or redrawn
           && (clear_cmdline || redraw_cmdline)
           // some message was printed or scrolled
           && (msg_didout || (msg_didany && msg_scroll))
           // it is fine to remove the current message
           && !msg_nowait
           // the command was the result of direct user input and not a mapping
           && KeyTyped)
          // must restart insert mode, not in visual mode and error message is
          // being shown
          || (restart_edit != 0 && !VIsual_active && msg_scroll
              && emsg_on_display))
         // no register was used
         && s->oa.regname == 0
         && !(s->ca.retval & CA_COMMAND_BUSY)
         && stuff_empty()
         && typebuf_typed()
         && emsg_silent == 0
         && !in_assert_fails
         && !did_wait_return
         && s->oa.op_type == OP_NOP);
}

static void normal_redraw_mode_message(NormalState *s)
{
 int save_State = State;

 // Draw the cursor with the right shape here
 if (restart_edit != 0) {
   State = MODE_INSERT;
 }

 // If need to redraw, and there is a "keep_msg", redraw before the
 // delay
 if (must_redraw && keep_msg != NULL && !emsg_on_display) {
   char *kmsg;

   kmsg = keep_msg;
   keep_msg = NULL;
   // Showmode() will clear keep_msg, but we want to use it anyway.
   // First update w_topline.
   setcursor();
   update_screen();
   // now reset it, otherwise it's put in the history again
   keep_msg = kmsg;

   kmsg = xstrdup(keep_msg);
   msg(kmsg, keep_msg_hl_id);
   xfree(kmsg);
 }
 setcursor();
 ui_cursor_shape();                  // show different cursor shape
 ui_flush();
 if (msg_scroll || emsg_on_display) {
   msg_delay(1003, true);    // wait extra second for scrolled or error message
 }
 msg_delay(3003, false);    // wait three seconds before doing 'showmode'
 State = save_State;

 msg_scroll = false;
 emsg_on_display = false;
}

// TODO(tarruda): Split into a "normal pending" state that can handle K_EVENT
static void normal_get_additional_char(NormalState *s)
{
 int *cp;
 bool repl = false;            // get character for replace mode
 bool lit = false;             // get extra character literally
 bool lang;                    // getting a text character

 no_mapping++;
 allow_keys++;                 // no mapping for nchar, but allow key codes
 // Don't generate a CursorHold event here, most commands can't handle
 // it, e.g., nv_replace(), nv_csearch().
 did_cursorhold = true;
 if (s->ca.cmdchar == 'g') {
   // For 'g' get the next character now, so that we can check for
   // "gr", "g'" and "g`".
   s->ca.nchar = plain_vgetc();
   LANGMAP_ADJUST(s->ca.nchar, true);
   s->need_flushbuf |= add_to_showcmd(s->ca.nchar);
   if (s->ca.nchar == 'r' || s->ca.nchar == '\'' || s->ca.nchar == '`'
       || s->ca.nchar == Ctrl_BSL) {
     cp = &s->ca.extra_char;            // need to get a third character
     if (s->ca.nchar != 'r') {
       lit = true;                           // get it literally
     } else {
       repl = true;                          // get it in replace mode
     }
   } else {
     cp = NULL;                      // no third character needed
   }
 } else {
   if (s->ca.cmdchar == 'r') {
     // get it in replace mode
     repl = true;
   }
   cp = &s->ca.nchar;
 }
 lang = (repl || (nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags & NV_LANG));

 // Get a second or third character.
 if (cp != NULL) {
   bool langmap_active = false;  // using :lmap mappings
   if (repl) {
     State = MODE_REPLACE;                // pretend Replace mode
     ui_cursor_shape_no_check_conceal();  // show different cursor shape
   }
   if (lang && curbuf->b_p_iminsert == B_IMODE_LMAP) {
     // Allow mappings defined with ":lmap".
     no_mapping--;
     allow_keys--;
     if (repl) {
       State = MODE_LREPLACE;
     } else {
       State = MODE_LANGMAP;
     }
     langmap_active = true;
   }

   *cp = plain_vgetc();

   if (langmap_active) {
     // Undo the decrement done above
     no_mapping++;
     allow_keys++;
   }
   State = MODE_NORMAL_BUSY;
   s->need_flushbuf |= add_to_showcmd(*cp);

   if (!lit) {
     // Typing CTRL-K gets a digraph.
     if (*cp == Ctrl_K && ((nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags & NV_LANG)
                           || cp == &s->ca.extra_char)
         && vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_DIGRAPH) == NULL) {
       s->c = get_digraph(false);
       if (s->c > 0) {
         *cp = s->c;
         // Guessing how to update showcmd here...
         del_from_showcmd(3);
         s->need_flushbuf |= add_to_showcmd(*cp);
       }
     }

     // adjust chars > 127, except after "tTfFr" commands
     LANGMAP_ADJUST(*cp, !lang);
   }

   // When the next character is CTRL-\ a following CTRL-N means the
   // command is aborted and we go to Normal mode.
   if (cp == &s->ca.extra_char
       && s->ca.nchar == Ctrl_BSL
       && (s->ca.extra_char == Ctrl_N || s->ca.extra_char == Ctrl_G)) {
     s->ca.cmdchar = Ctrl_BSL;
     s->ca.nchar = s->ca.extra_char;
     s->idx = find_command(s->ca.cmdchar);
   } else if ((s->ca.nchar == 'n' || s->ca.nchar == 'N')
              && s->ca.cmdchar == 'g') {
     s->ca.oap->op_type = get_op_type(*cp, NUL);
   } else if (*cp == Ctrl_BSL) {
     int towait = (p_ttm >= 0 ? (int)p_ttm : (int)p_tm);

     // There is a busy wait here when typing "f<C-\>" and then
     // something different from CTRL-N.  Can't be avoided.
     while ((s->c = vpeekc()) <= 0 && towait > 0) {
       do_sleep(towait > 50 ? 50 : towait, false);
       towait -= 50;
     }
     if (s->c > 0) {
       s->c = plain_vgetc();
       if (s->c != Ctrl_N && s->c != Ctrl_G) {
         vungetc(s->c);
       } else {
         s->ca.cmdchar = Ctrl_BSL;
         s->ca.nchar = s->c;
         s->idx = find_command(s->ca.cmdchar);
         assert(s->idx >= 0);
       }
     }
   }

   if (lang) {
     // When getting a text character and the next character is a
     // multi-byte character, it could be a composing character.
     // However, don't wait for it to arrive. Also, do enable mapping,
     // because if it's put back with vungetc() it's too late to apply
     // mapping.
     no_mapping--;
     GraphemeState state = GRAPHEME_STATE_INIT;
     int prev_code = s->ca.nchar;

     while ((s->c = vpeekc()) > 0
            && (s->c >= 0x100 || MB_BYTE2LEN(vpeekc()) > 1)) {
       s->c = plain_vgetc();

       if (!utf_iscomposing(prev_code, s->c, &state)) {
         vungetc(s->c);                   // it wasn't, put it back
         break;
       }

       // first composing char, first put base char into buffer
       if (s->ca.nchar_len == 0) {
         s->ca.nchar_len = utf_char2bytes(s->ca.nchar, s->ca.nchar_composing);
       }

       if (s->ca.nchar_len + utf_char2len(s->c) < (int)sizeof(s->ca.nchar_composing)) {
         s->ca.nchar_len += utf_char2bytes(s->c, s->ca.nchar_composing + s->ca.nchar_len);
       }
       prev_code = s->c;
     }
     s->ca.nchar_composing[s->ca.nchar_len] = NUL;
     no_mapping++;
     // Vim may be in a different mode when the user types the next key,
     // but when replaying a recording the next key is already in the
     // typeahead buffer, so record an <Ignore> before that to prevent
     // the vpeekc() above from applying wrong mappings when replaying.
     no_u_sync++;
     gotchars_ignore();
     no_u_sync--;
   }
 }
 no_mapping--;
 allow_keys--;
}

static void normal_invert_horizontal(NormalState *s)
{
 switch (s->ca.cmdchar) {
 case 'l':
   s->ca.cmdchar = 'h'; break;
 case K_RIGHT:
   s->ca.cmdchar = K_LEFT; break;
 case K_S_RIGHT:
   s->ca.cmdchar = K_S_LEFT; break;
 case K_C_RIGHT:
   s->ca.cmdchar = K_C_LEFT; break;
 case 'h':
   s->ca.cmdchar = 'l'; break;
 case K_LEFT:
   s->ca.cmdchar = K_RIGHT; break;
 case K_S_LEFT:
   s->ca.cmdchar = K_S_RIGHT; break;
 case K_C_LEFT:
   s->ca.cmdchar = K_C_RIGHT; break;
 case '>':
   s->ca.cmdchar = '<'; break;
 case '<':
   s->ca.cmdchar = '>'; break;
 }
 s->idx = find_command(s->ca.cmdchar);
}

static bool normal_get_command_count(NormalState *s)
{
 if (VIsual_active && VIsual_select) {
   return false;
 }
 // Handle a count before a command and compute ca.count0.
 // Note that '0' is a command and not the start of a count, but it's
 // part of a count after other digits.
 while ((s->c >= '1' && s->c <= '9')
        || (s->ca.count0 != 0 && (s->c == K_DEL || s->c == K_KDEL || s->c == '0'))) {
   if (s->c == K_DEL || s->c == K_KDEL) {
     s->ca.count0 /= 10;
     del_from_showcmd(4);            // delete the digit and ~@%
   } else if (s->ca.count0 > 99999999) {
     s->ca.count0 = 999999999;
   } else {
     s->ca.count0 = s->ca.count0 * 10 + (s->c - '0');
   }

   // Set v:count here, when called from main() and not a stuffed
   // command, so that v:count can be used in an expression mapping
   // right after the count. Do set it for redo.
   if (s->toplevel && readbuf1_empty()) {
     set_vcount_ca(&s->ca, &s->set_prevcount);
   }

   if (s->ctrl_w) {
     no_mapping++;
     allow_keys++;                   // no mapping for nchar, but keys
   }

   no_zero_mapping++;                // don't map zero here
   s->c = plain_vgetc();
   LANGMAP_ADJUST(s->c, true);
   no_zero_mapping--;
   if (s->ctrl_w) {
     no_mapping--;
     allow_keys--;
   }
   s->need_flushbuf |= add_to_showcmd(s->c);
 }

 // If we got CTRL-W there may be a/another count
 if (s->c == Ctrl_W && !s->ctrl_w && s->oa.op_type == OP_NOP) {
   s->ctrl_w = true;
   s->ca.opcount = s->ca.count0;           // remember first count
   s->ca.count0 = 0;
   no_mapping++;
   allow_keys++;                        // no mapping for nchar, but keys
   s->c = plain_vgetc();                // get next character
   LANGMAP_ADJUST(s->c, true);
   no_mapping--;
   allow_keys--;
   s->need_flushbuf |= add_to_showcmd(s->c);
   return true;
 }

 return false;
}

static void normal_finish_command(NormalState *s)
{
 bool did_visual_op = false;

 if (s->command_finished) {
   goto normal_end;
 }

 // If we didn't start or finish an operator, reset oap->regname, unless we
 // need it later.
 if (!finish_op
     && !s->oa.op_type
     && (s->idx < 0 || !(nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags & NV_KEEPREG))) {
   clearop(&s->oa);
   set_reg_var(get_default_register_name());
 }

 // Get the length of mapped chars again after typing a count, second
 // character or "z333<cr>".
 if (s->old_mapped_len > 0) {
   s->old_mapped_len = typebuf_maplen();
 }

 // If an operation is pending, handle it.  But not for K_IGNORE or
 // K_MOUSEMOVE.
 if (s->ca.cmdchar != K_IGNORE && s->ca.cmdchar != K_MOUSEMOVE) {
   did_visual_op = VIsual_active && s->oa.op_type != OP_NOP
                   // For OP_COLON, do_pending_operator() stuffs ':' into
                   // the read buffer, which isn't executed immediately.
                   && s->oa.op_type != OP_COLON;
   do_pending_operator(&s->ca, s->old_col, false);
 }

 // Wait for a moment when a message is displayed that will be overwritten
 // by the mode message.
 if (normal_need_redraw_mode_message(s)) {
   normal_redraw_mode_message(s);
 }

 // Finish up after executing a Normal mode command.
normal_end:

 msg_nowait = false;

 if (finish_op || did_visual_op) {
   set_reg_var(get_default_register_name());
 }

 const bool prev_finish_op = finish_op;
 if (s->oa.op_type == OP_NOP) {
   // Reset finish_op, in case it was set
   finish_op = false;
   may_trigger_modechanged();
 }
 // Redraw the cursor with another shape, if we were in Operator-pending
 // mode or did a replace command.
 if (prev_finish_op || s->ca.cmdchar == 'r'
     || (s->ca.cmdchar == 'g' && s->ca.nchar == 'r')) {
   ui_cursor_shape();                  // may show different cursor shape
 }

 if (s->oa.op_type == OP_NOP && s->oa.regname == 0
     && s->ca.cmdchar != K_EVENT) {
   clear_showcmd();
 }

 checkpcmark();                // check if we moved since setting pcmark
 xfree(s->ca.searchbuf);

 mb_check_adjust_col(curwin);  // #6203

 if (curwin->w_p_scb && s->toplevel) {
   validate_cursor(curwin);          // may need to update w_leftcol
   do_check_scrollbind(true);
 }

 if (curwin->w_p_crb && s->toplevel) {
   validate_cursor(curwin);          // may need to update w_leftcol
   do_check_cursorbind();
 }

 // May restart edit(), if we got here with CTRL-O in Insert mode (but not
 // if still inside a mapping that started in Visual mode).
 // May switch from Visual to Select mode after CTRL-O command.
 if (s->oa.op_type == OP_NOP
     && ((restart_edit != 0 && !VIsual_active && s->old_mapped_len == 0)
         || restart_VIsual_select == 1)
     && !(s->ca.retval & CA_COMMAND_BUSY)
     && stuff_empty()
     && s->oa.regname == 0) {
   if (restart_VIsual_select == 1) {
     VIsual_select = true;
     VIsual_select_reg = 0;
     may_trigger_modechanged();
     showmode();
     restart_VIsual_select = 0;
   }
   if (restart_edit != 0 && !VIsual_active && s->old_mapped_len == 0) {
     edit(restart_edit, false, 1);
   }
 }

 if (restart_VIsual_select == 2) {
   restart_VIsual_select = 1;
 }

 // Save count before an operator for next time
 opcount = s->ca.opcount;
}

static int normal_execute(VimState *state, int key)
{
 NormalState *s = (NormalState *)state;
 s->command_finished = false;
 s->ctrl_w = false;                  // got CTRL-W command
 s->old_col = curwin->w_curswant;
 s->c = key;

 LANGMAP_ADJUST(s->c, get_real_state() != MODE_SELECT);

 // If a mapping was started in Visual or Select mode, remember the length
 // of the mapping.  This is used below to not return to Insert mode for as
 // long as the mapping is being executed.
 if (restart_edit == 0) {
   s->old_mapped_len = 0;
 } else if (s->old_mapped_len || (VIsual_active && s->mapped_len == 0
                                  && typebuf_maplen() > 0)) {
   s->old_mapped_len = typebuf_maplen();
 }

 if (s->c == NUL) {
   s->c = K_ZERO;
 }

 // In Select mode, typed text replaces the selection.
 if (VIsual_active && VIsual_select && (vim_isprintc(s->c)
                                        || s->c == NL || s->c == CAR || s->c == K_KENTER)) {
   // Fake a "c"hange command.
   // When "restart_edit" is set fake a "d"elete command, Insert mode will restart automatically.
   // Insert the typed character in the typeahead buffer, so that it can
   // be mapped in Insert mode.  Required for ":lmap" to work.
   int len = ins_char_typebuf(vgetc_char, vgetc_mod_mask, true);

   // When recording and gotchars() was called the character will be
   // recorded again, remove the previous recording.
   if (KeyTyped) {
     ungetchars(len);
   }

   if (restart_edit != 0) {
     s->c = 'd';
   } else {
     s->c = 'c';
   }
   msg_nowait = true;          // don't delay going to insert mode
   s->old_mapped_len = 0;      // do go to Insert mode
 }

 s->need_flushbuf = add_to_showcmd(s->c);

 while (normal_get_command_count(s)) {}

 if (s->c == K_EVENT) {
   // Save the count values so that ca.opcount and ca.count0 are exactly
   // the same when coming back here after handling K_EVENT.
   s->oa.prev_opcount = s->ca.opcount;
   s->oa.prev_count0 = s->ca.count0;
 } else if (s->ca.opcount != 0) {
   // If we're in the middle of an operator (including after entering a
   // yank buffer with '"') AND we had a count before the operator, then
   // that count overrides the current value of ca.count0.
   // What this means effectively, is that commands like "3dw" get turned
   // into "d3w" which makes things fall into place pretty neatly.
   // If you give a count before AND after the operator, they are
   // multiplied.
   if (s->ca.count0) {
     if (s->ca.opcount >= 999999999 / s->ca.count0) {
       s->ca.count0 = 999999999;
     } else {
       s->ca.count0 *= s->ca.opcount;
     }
   } else {
     s->ca.count0 = s->ca.opcount;
   }
 }

 // Always remember the count.  It will be set to zero (on the next call,
 // above) when there is no pending operator.
 // When called from main(), save the count for use by the "count" built-in
 // variable.
 s->ca.opcount = s->ca.count0;
 s->ca.count1 = (s->ca.count0 == 0 ? 1 : s->ca.count0);

 // Only set v:count when called from main() and not a stuffed command.
 // Do set it for redo.
 if (s->toplevel && readbuf1_empty()) {
   set_vcount(s->ca.count0, s->ca.count1, s->set_prevcount);
 }

 // Find the command character in the table of commands.
 // For CTRL-W we already got nchar when looking for a count.
 if (s->ctrl_w) {
   s->ca.nchar = s->c;
   s->ca.cmdchar = Ctrl_W;
 } else {
   s->ca.cmdchar = s->c;
 }

 s->idx = find_command(s->ca.cmdchar);

 if (s->idx < 0) {
   // Not a known command: beep.
   clearopbeep(&s->oa);
   s->command_finished = true;
   goto finish;
 }

 if ((nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags & NV_NCW) && check_text_or_curbuf_locked(&s->oa)) {
   // this command is not allowed now
   s->command_finished = true;
   goto finish;
 }

 // In Visual/Select mode, a few keys are handled in a special way.
 if (VIsual_active && normal_handle_special_visual_command(s)) {
   s->command_finished = true;
   goto finish;
 }

 if (curwin->w_p_rl && KeyTyped && !KeyStuffed
     && (nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags & NV_RL)) {
   // Invert horizontal movements and operations.  Only when typed by the
   // user directly, not when the result of a mapping or "x" translated
   // to "dl".
   normal_invert_horizontal(s);
 }

 // Get an additional character if we need one.
 if (normal_need_additional_char(s)) {
   normal_get_additional_char(s);
 }

 // Flush the showcmd characters onto the screen so we can see them while
 // the command is being executed.  Only do this when the shown command was
 // actually displayed, otherwise this will slow down a lot when executing
 // mappings.
 if (s->need_flushbuf) {
   ui_flush();
 }

 if (s->ca.cmdchar != K_IGNORE && s->ca.cmdchar != K_EVENT) {
   did_cursorhold = false;
 }

 State = MODE_NORMAL;

 if (s->ca.nchar == ESC || s->ca.extra_char == ESC) {
   clearop(&s->oa);
   s->command_finished = true;
   goto finish;
 }

 if (s->ca.cmdchar != K_IGNORE) {
   msg_didout = false;        // don't scroll screen up for normal command
   msg_col = 0;
 }

 s->old_pos = curwin->w_cursor;           // remember where the cursor was

 // When 'keymodel' contains "startsel" some keys start Select/Visual
 // mode.
 if (!VIsual_active && km_startsel) {
   if (nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags & NV_SS) {
     start_selection();
     unshift_special(&s->ca);
     s->idx = find_command(s->ca.cmdchar);
     assert(s->idx >= 0);
   } else if ((nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_flags & NV_SSS)
              && (mod_mask & MOD_MASK_SHIFT)) {
     start_selection();
     mod_mask &= ~MOD_MASK_SHIFT;
   }
 }

 // Execute the command!
 // Call the command function found in the commands table.
 s->ca.arg = nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_arg;
 (nv_cmds[s->idx].cmd_func)(&s->ca);

finish:
 normal_finish_command(s);
 return 1;
}

static void normal_check_stuff_buffer(NormalState *s)
{
 if (stuff_empty()) {
   did_check_timestamps = false;

   if (need_check_timestamps) {
     check_timestamps(false);
   }

   if (need_wait_return) {
     // if wait_return still needed call it now
     wait_return(false);
   }
 }
}

static void normal_check_interrupt(NormalState *s)
{
 // Reset "got_int" now that we got back to the main loop.  Except when
 // inside a ":g/pat/cmd" command, then the "got_int" needs to abort
 // the ":g" command.
 // For ":g/pat/vi" we reset "got_int" when used once.  When used
 // a second time we go back to Ex mode and abort the ":g" command.
 if (got_int) {
   if (s->noexmode && global_busy && !exmode_active
       && s->previous_got_int) {
     // Typed two CTRL-C in a row: go back to ex mode as if "Q" was
     // used and keep "got_int" set, so that it aborts ":g".
     exmode_active = true;
     State = MODE_NORMAL;
   } else if (!global_busy || !exmode_active) {
     if (!quit_more) {
       // flush all buffers
       vgetc();
     }
     got_int = false;
   }
   s->previous_got_int = true;
 } else {
   s->previous_got_int = false;
 }
}

static void normal_check_window_scrolled(NormalState *s)
{
 if (!finish_op) {
   may_trigger_win_scrolled_resized();
 }
}

static void normal_check_cursor_moved(NormalState *s)
{
 // Trigger CursorMoved if the cursor moved.
 if (!finish_op && has_event(EVENT_CURSORMOVED)
     && (last_cursormoved_win != curwin
         || !equalpos(last_cursormoved, curwin->w_cursor))) {
   apply_autocmds(EVENT_CURSORMOVED, NULL, NULL, false, curbuf);
   last_cursormoved_win = curwin;
   last_cursormoved = curwin->w_cursor;
 }
}

static void normal_check_text_changed(NormalState *s)
{
 // Trigger TextChanged if changedtick differs.
 if (!finish_op && has_event(EVENT_TEXTCHANGED)
     && curbuf->b_last_changedtick != buf_get_changedtick(curbuf)) {
   apply_autocmds(EVENT_TEXTCHANGED, NULL, NULL, false, curbuf);
   curbuf->b_last_changedtick = buf_get_changedtick(curbuf);
 }
}

static void normal_check_buffer_modified(NormalState *s)
{
 // Trigger BufModified if b_modified changed
 if (!finish_op && has_event(EVENT_BUFMODIFIEDSET)
     && curbuf->b_changed_invalid == true) {
   apply_autocmds(EVENT_BUFMODIFIEDSET, NULL, NULL, false, curbuf);
   curbuf->b_changed_invalid = false;
 }
}

/// If nothing is pending and we are going to wait for the user to
/// type a character, trigger SafeState.
static void normal_check_safe_state(NormalState *s)
{
 may_trigger_safestate(!op_pending() && restart_edit == 0);
}

static void normal_check_folds(NormalState *s)
{
 // Include a closed fold completely in the Visual area.
 foldAdjustVisual();

 // When 'foldclose' is set, apply 'foldlevel' to folds that don't
 // contain the cursor.
 // When 'foldopen' is "all", open the fold(s) under the cursor.
 // This may mark the window for redrawing.
 if (hasAnyFolding(curwin) && !char_avail()) {
   foldCheckClose();

   if (fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagAll) {
     foldOpenCursor();
   }
 }
}

static void normal_redraw(NormalState *s)
{
 // Before redrawing, make sure w_topline is correct, and w_leftcol
 // if lines don't wrap, and w_skipcol if lines wrap.
 update_topline(curwin);
 validate_cursor(curwin);

 show_cursor_info_later(false);

 if (must_redraw) {
   update_screen();
 } else {
   redraw_statuslines();
   if (redraw_cmdline || clear_cmdline || redraw_mode) {
     showmode();
   }
 }

 curbuf->b_last_used = time(NULL);

 // Display message after redraw.
 if (keep_msg != NULL) {
   char *const p = xstrdup(keep_msg);

   // msg_start() will set keep_msg to NULL, make a copy
   // first.  Don't reset keep_msg, msg_attr_keep() uses it to
   // check for duplicates.  Never put this message in
   // history.
   msg_hist_off = true;
   msg(p, keep_msg_hl_id);
   msg_hist_off = false;
   xfree(p);
 }

 // show fileinfo after redraw
 if (need_fileinfo && !shortmess(SHM_FILEINFO)) {
   fileinfo(false, true, false);
   need_fileinfo = false;
 }

 emsg_on_display = false;  // can delete error message now
 did_emsg = false;
 msg_didany = false;  // reset lines_left in msg_start()
 may_clear_sb_text();  // clear scroll-back text on next msg

 setcursor();
}

/// Function executed before each iteration of normal mode.
///
/// @return:
///           1 if the iteration should continue normally
///          -1 if the iteration should be skipped
///           0 if the main loop must exit
static int normal_check(VimState *state)
{
 NormalState *s = (NormalState *)state;
 normal_check_stuff_buffer(s);
 normal_check_interrupt(s);

 // At the toplevel there is no exception handling.  Discard any that
 // may be hanging around (e.g. from "interrupt" at the debug prompt).
 if (did_throw && !ex_normal_busy) {
   discard_current_exception();
 }

 if (!exmode_active) {
   msg_scroll = false;
 }
 quit_more = false;

 state_no_longer_safe(NULL);

 // If skip redraw is set (for ":" in wait_return()), don't redraw now.
 // If there is nothing in the stuff_buffer or do_redraw is true,
 // update cursor and redraw.
 if (skip_redraw || exmode_active) {
   skip_redraw = false;
   setcursor();
 } else if (do_redraw || stuff_empty()) {
   terminal_check_refresh();

   // Ensure curwin->w_topline and curwin->w_leftcol are up to date
   // before triggering a WinScrolled autocommand.
   update_topline(curwin);
   validate_cursor(curwin);

   normal_check_cursor_moved(s);
   normal_check_text_changed(s);
   normal_check_window_scrolled(s);
   normal_check_buffer_modified(s);
   normal_check_safe_state(s);

   // Updating diffs from changed() does not always work properly,
   // esp. updating folds.  Do an update just before redrawing if
   // needed.
   if (curtab->tp_diff_update || curtab->tp_diff_invalid) {
     ex_diffupdate(NULL);
     curtab->tp_diff_update = false;
   }

   // Scroll-binding for diff mode may have been postponed until
   // here.  Avoids doing it for every change.
   if (diff_need_scrollbind) {
     check_scrollbind(0, 0);
     diff_need_scrollbind = false;
   }

   normal_check_folds(s);
   normal_redraw(s);
   do_redraw = false;

   // Now that we have drawn the first screen all the startup stuff
   // has been done, close any file for startup messages.
   if (time_fd != NULL) {
     TIME_MSG("first screen update");
     time_finish();
   }
   // After the first screen update may start triggering WinScrolled
   // autocmd events.  Store all the scroll positions and sizes now.
   may_make_initial_scroll_size_snapshot();
 }

 // May perform garbage collection when waiting for a character, but
 // only at the very toplevel.  Otherwise we may be using a List or
 // Dict internally somewhere.
 // "may_garbage_collect" is reset in vgetc() which is invoked through
 // do_exmode() and normal_cmd().
 may_garbage_collect = !s->cmdwin && !s->noexmode;

 // Update w_curswant if w_set_curswant has been set.
 // Postponed until here to avoid computing w_virtcol too often.
 update_curswant();

 if (exmode_active) {
   if (s->noexmode) {
     return 0;
   }
   do_exmode();
   return -1;
 }

 if (s->cmdwin && cmdwin_result != 0) {
   // command-line window and cmdwin_result is set
   return 0;
 }

 normal_prepare(s);
 return 1;
}

/// Set v:count and v:count1 according to "cap".
/// Set v:prevcount only when "set_prevcount" is true.
static void set_vcount_ca(cmdarg_T *cap, bool *set_prevcount)
{
 int64_t count = cap->count0;

 // multiply with cap->opcount the same way as above
 if (cap->opcount != 0) {
   count = cap->opcount * (count == 0 ? 1 : count);
 }
 set_vcount(count, count == 0 ? 1 : count, *set_prevcount);
 *set_prevcount = false;    // only set v:prevcount once
}

/// End Visual mode.
/// This function should ALWAYS be called to end Visual mode, except from
/// do_pending_operator().
void end_visual_mode(void)
{
 VIsual_select_exclu_adj = false;
 VIsual_active = false;
 setmouse();
 mouse_dragging = 0;

 // Save the current VIsual area for '< and '> marks, and "gv"
 curbuf->b_visual.vi_mode = VIsual_mode;
 curbuf->b_visual.vi_start = VIsual;
 curbuf->b_visual.vi_end = curwin->w_cursor;
 curbuf->b_visual.vi_curswant = curwin->w_curswant;
 curbuf->b_visual_mode_eval = VIsual_mode;
 if (!virtual_active(curwin)) {
   curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
 }

 may_clear_cmdline();

 adjust_cursor_eol();
 may_trigger_modechanged();
}

/// Reset VIsual_active and VIsual_reselect.
void reset_VIsual_and_resel(void)
{
 if (VIsual_active) {
   end_visual_mode();
   redraw_curbuf_later(UPD_INVERTED);  // delete the inversion later
 }
 VIsual_reselect = false;
}

/// Reset VIsual_active and VIsual_reselect if it's set.
void reset_VIsual(void)
{
 if (VIsual_active) {
   end_visual_mode();
   redraw_curbuf_later(UPD_INVERTED);  // delete the inversion later
   VIsual_reselect = false;
 }
}

void restore_visual_mode(void)
{
 if (VIsual_mode_orig != NUL) {
   curbuf->b_visual.vi_mode = VIsual_mode_orig;
   VIsual_mode_orig = NUL;
 }
}

/// Check for a balloon-eval special item to include when searching for an
/// identifier.  When "dir" is BACKWARD "ptr[-1]" must be valid!
///
/// @return  true if the character at "*ptr" should be included.
///
/// @param dir    the direction of searching, is either FORWARD or BACKWARD
/// @param *colp  is in/decremented if "ptr[-dir]" should also be included.
/// @param bnp    points to a counter for square brackets.
static bool find_is_eval_item(const char *const ptr, int *const colp, int *const bnp, const int dir)
{
 // Accept everything inside [].
 if ((*ptr == ']' && dir == BACKWARD) || (*ptr == '[' && dir == FORWARD)) {
   *bnp += 1;
 }
 if (*bnp > 0) {
   if ((*ptr == '[' && dir == BACKWARD) || (*ptr == ']' && dir == FORWARD)) {
     *bnp -= 1;
   }
   return true;
 }

 // skip over "s.var"
 if (*ptr == '.') {
   return true;
 }

 // two-character item: s->var
 if (ptr[dir == BACKWARD ? 0 : 1] == '>'
     && ptr[dir == BACKWARD ? -1 : 0] == '-') {
   *colp += dir;
   return true;
 }
 return false;
}

/// Find the identifier under or to the right of the cursor.
/// "find_type" can have one of three values:
/// FIND_IDENT:   find an identifier (keyword)
/// FIND_STRING:  find any non-white text
/// FIND_IDENT + FIND_STRING: find any non-white text, identifier preferred.
/// FIND_EVAL:  find text useful for C program debugging
///
/// There are three steps:
/// 1. Search forward for the start of an identifier/text.  Doesn't move if
///    already on one.
/// 2. Search backward for the start of this identifier/text.
///    This doesn't match the real Vi but I like it a little better and it
///    shouldn't bother anyone.
/// 3. Search forward to the end of this identifier/text.
///    When FIND_IDENT isn't defined, we backup until a blank.
///
/// @return  the length of the text, or zero if no text is found.
///
/// If text is found, a pointer to the text is put in "*text".  This
/// points into the current buffer line and is not always NUL terminated.
size_t find_ident_under_cursor(char **text, int find_type)
 FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ARG(1)
{
 return find_ident_at_pos(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum,
                          curwin->w_cursor.col, text, NULL, find_type);
}

/// Like find_ident_under_cursor(), but for any window and any position.
/// However: Uses 'iskeyword' from the current window!.
///
/// @param textcol  column where "text" starts, can be NULL
size_t find_ident_at_pos(win_T *wp, linenr_T lnum, colnr_T startcol, char **text, int *textcol,
                        int find_type)
 FUNC_ATTR_NONNULL_ARG(1, 4)
{
 int col = 0;         // init to shut up GCC
 int i;
 int this_class = 0;
 int prev_class;
 int prevcol;
 int bn = 0;                       // bracket nesting

 // if i == 0: try to find an identifier
 // if i == 1: try to find any non-white text
 char *ptr = ml_get_buf(wp->w_buffer, lnum);
 for (i = (find_type & FIND_IDENT) ? 0 : 1; i < 2; i++) {
   // 1. skip to start of identifier/text
   col = startcol;
   while (ptr[col] != NUL) {
     // Stop at a ']' to evaluate "a[x]".
     if ((find_type & FIND_EVAL) && ptr[col] == ']') {
       break;
     }
     this_class = mb_get_class(ptr + col);
     if (this_class != 0 && (i == 1 || this_class != 1)) {
       break;
     }
     col += utfc_ptr2len(ptr + col);
   }

   // When starting on a ']' count it, so that we include the '['.
   bn = ptr[col] == ']';

   // 2. Back up to start of identifier/text.
   //
   // Remember class of character under cursor.
   if ((find_type & FIND_EVAL) && ptr[col] == ']') {
     this_class = mb_get_class("a");
   } else {
     this_class = mb_get_class(ptr + col);
   }
   while (col > 0 && this_class != 0) {
     prevcol = col - 1 - utf_head_off(ptr, ptr + col - 1);
     prev_class = mb_get_class(ptr + prevcol);
     if (this_class != prev_class
         && (i == 0
             || prev_class == 0
             || (find_type & FIND_IDENT))
         && (!(find_type & FIND_EVAL)
             || prevcol == 0
             || !find_is_eval_item(ptr + prevcol, &prevcol, &bn, BACKWARD))) {
       break;
     }
     col = prevcol;
   }

   // If we don't want just any old text, or we've found an
   // identifier, stop searching.
   this_class = MIN(this_class, 2);
   if (!(find_type & FIND_STRING) || this_class == 2) {
     break;
   }
 }

 if (ptr[col] == NUL || (i == 0 && this_class != 2)) {
   // Didn't find an identifier or text.
   if (find_type & FIND_STRING) {
     emsg(_("E348: No string under cursor"));
   } else {
     emsg(_(e_noident));
   }
   return 0;
 }
 ptr += col;
 *text = ptr;
 if (textcol != NULL) {
   *textcol = col;
 }

 // 3. Find the end if the identifier/text.
 bn = 0;
 startcol -= col;
 col = 0;
 // Search for point of changing multibyte character class.
 this_class = mb_get_class(ptr);
 while (ptr[col] != NUL
        && ((i == 0
             ? mb_get_class(ptr + col) == this_class
             : mb_get_class(ptr + col) != 0)
            || ((find_type & FIND_EVAL)
                && col <= (int)startcol
                && find_is_eval_item(ptr + col, &col, &bn, FORWARD)))) {
   col += utfc_ptr2len(ptr + col);
 }

 assert(col >= 0);
 return (size_t)col;
}

/// Prepare for redo of a normal command.
static void prep_redo_cmd(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 prep_redo(cap->oap->regname, cap->count0,
           NUL, cap->cmdchar, NUL, NUL, NUL);
 if (cap->nchar_len > 0) {
   AppendToRedobuff(cap->nchar_composing);
 } else {
   AppendCharToRedobuff(cap->nchar);
 }
}

/// Prepare for redo of any command.
/// Note that only the last argument can be a multi-byte char.
void prep_redo(int regname, int num, int cmd1, int cmd2, int cmd3, int cmd4, int cmd5)
{
 prep_redo_num2(regname, num, cmd1, cmd2, 0, cmd3, cmd4, cmd5);
}

/// Prepare for redo of any command with extra count after "cmd2".
void prep_redo_num2(int regname, int num1, int cmd1, int cmd2, int num2, int cmd3, int cmd4,
                   int cmd5)
{
 ResetRedobuff();
 if (regname != 0) {   // yank from specified buffer
   AppendCharToRedobuff('"');
   AppendCharToRedobuff(regname);
 }
 if (num1 != 0) {
   AppendNumberToRedobuff(num1);
 }
 if (cmd1 != NUL) {
   AppendCharToRedobuff(cmd1);
 }
 if (cmd2 != NUL) {
   AppendCharToRedobuff(cmd2);
 }
 if (num2 != 0) {
   AppendNumberToRedobuff(num2);
 }
 if (cmd3 != NUL) {
   AppendCharToRedobuff(cmd3);
 }
 if (cmd4 != NUL) {
   AppendCharToRedobuff(cmd4);
 }
 if (cmd5 != NUL) {
   AppendCharToRedobuff(cmd5);
 }
}

/// Check for operator active and clear it.
///
/// Beep and return true if an operator was active.
static bool checkclearop(oparg_T *oap)
{
 if (oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   return false;
 }
 clearopbeep(oap);
 return true;
}

/// Check for operator or Visual active.  Clear active operator.
///
/// Beep and return true if an operator or Visual was active.
static bool checkclearopq(oparg_T *oap)
{
 if (oap->op_type == OP_NOP && !VIsual_active) {
   return false;
 }
 clearopbeep(oap);
 return true;
}

void clearop(oparg_T *oap)
{
 oap->op_type = OP_NOP;
 oap->regname = 0;
 oap->motion_force = NUL;
 oap->use_reg_one = false;
 motion_force = NUL;
}

void clearopbeep(oparg_T *oap)
{
 clearop(oap);
 beep_flush();
}

/// Remove the shift modifier from a special key.
static void unshift_special(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 switch (cap->cmdchar) {
 case K_S_RIGHT:
   cap->cmdchar = K_RIGHT; break;
 case K_S_LEFT:
   cap->cmdchar = K_LEFT; break;
 case K_S_UP:
   cap->cmdchar = K_UP; break;
 case K_S_DOWN:
   cap->cmdchar = K_DOWN; break;
 case K_S_HOME:
   cap->cmdchar = K_HOME; break;
 case K_S_END:
   cap->cmdchar = K_END; break;
 }
 cap->cmdchar = simplify_key(cap->cmdchar, &mod_mask);
}

/// If the mode is currently displayed clear the command line or update the
/// command displayed.
void may_clear_cmdline(void)
{
 if (mode_displayed) {
   // unshow visual mode later
   clear_cmdline = true;
 } else {
   clear_showcmd();
 }
}

// Routines for displaying a partly typed command
static char old_showcmd_buf[SHOWCMD_BUFLEN];    // For push_showcmd()
static bool showcmd_is_clear = true;
static bool showcmd_visual = false;

void clear_showcmd(void)
{
 if (!p_sc) {
   return;
 }

 if (VIsual_active && !char_avail()) {
   bool cursor_bot = lt(VIsual, curwin->w_cursor);
   int lines;
   colnr_T leftcol, rightcol;
   linenr_T top, bot;

   // Show the size of the Visual area.
   if (cursor_bot) {
     top = VIsual.lnum;
     bot = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
   } else {
     top = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
     bot = VIsual.lnum;
   }
   // Include closed folds as a whole.
   hasFolding(curwin, top, &top, NULL);
   hasFolding(curwin, bot, NULL, &bot);
   lines = bot - top + 1;

   if (VIsual_mode == Ctrl_V) {
     char *const saved_sbr = p_sbr;
     char *const saved_w_sbr = curwin->w_p_sbr;

     // Make 'sbr' empty for a moment to get the correct size.
     p_sbr = empty_string_option;
     curwin->w_p_sbr = empty_string_option;
     getvcols(curwin, &curwin->w_cursor, &VIsual, &leftcol, &rightcol);
     p_sbr = saved_sbr;
     curwin->w_p_sbr = saved_w_sbr;
     snprintf(showcmd_buf, SHOWCMD_BUFLEN, "%" PRId64 "x%" PRId64,
              (int64_t)lines, (int64_t)rightcol - leftcol + 1);
   } else if (VIsual_mode == 'V' || VIsual.lnum != curwin->w_cursor.lnum) {
     snprintf(showcmd_buf, SHOWCMD_BUFLEN, "%" PRId64, (int64_t)lines);
   } else {
     char *s, *e;
     int bytes = 0;
     int chars = 0;

     if (cursor_bot) {
       s = ml_get_pos(&VIsual);
       e = get_cursor_pos_ptr();
     } else {
       s = get_cursor_pos_ptr();
       e = ml_get_pos(&VIsual);
     }
     while ((*p_sel != 'e') ? s <= e : s < e) {
       int l = utfc_ptr2len(s);
       if (l == 0) {
         bytes++;
         chars++;
         break;            // end of line
       }
       bytes += l;
       chars++;
       s += l;
     }
     if (bytes == chars) {
       snprintf(showcmd_buf, SHOWCMD_BUFLEN, "%d", chars);
     } else {
       snprintf(showcmd_buf, SHOWCMD_BUFLEN, "%d-%d", chars, bytes);
     }
   }
   int limit = ui_has(kUIMessages) ? SHOWCMD_BUFLEN - 1 : SHOWCMD_COLS;
   showcmd_buf[limit] = NUL;  // truncate
   showcmd_visual = true;
 } else {
   showcmd_buf[0] = NUL;
   showcmd_visual = false;

   // Don't actually display something if there is nothing to clear.
   if (showcmd_is_clear) {
     return;
   }
 }

 display_showcmd();
}

/// Add 'c' to string of shown command chars.
///
/// @return  true if output has been written (and setcursor() has been called).
bool add_to_showcmd(int c)
{
 static int ignore[] = {
   K_IGNORE,
   K_LEFTMOUSE, K_LEFTDRAG, K_LEFTRELEASE, K_MOUSEMOVE,
   K_MIDDLEMOUSE, K_MIDDLEDRAG, K_MIDDLERELEASE,
   K_RIGHTMOUSE, K_RIGHTDRAG, K_RIGHTRELEASE,
   K_MOUSEDOWN, K_MOUSEUP, K_MOUSELEFT, K_MOUSERIGHT,
   K_X1MOUSE, K_X1DRAG, K_X1RELEASE, K_X2MOUSE, K_X2DRAG, K_X2RELEASE,
   K_EVENT,
   0
 };

 if (!p_sc || msg_silent != 0) {
   return false;
 }

 if (showcmd_visual) {
   showcmd_buf[0] = NUL;
   showcmd_visual = false;
 }

 // Ignore keys that are scrollbar updates and mouse clicks
 if (IS_SPECIAL(c)) {
   for (int i = 0; ignore[i] != 0; i++) {
     if (ignore[i] == c) {
       return false;
     }
   }
 }

 char *p;
 char mbyte_buf[MB_MAXCHAR + 1];
 if (c <= 0x7f || !vim_isprintc(c)) {
   p = transchar(c);
   if (*p == ' ') {
     STRCPY(p, "<20>");
   }
 } else {
   mbyte_buf[utf_char2bytes(c, mbyte_buf)] = NUL;
   p = mbyte_buf;
 }
 size_t old_len = strlen(showcmd_buf);
 size_t extra_len = strlen(p);
 size_t limit = ui_has(kUIMessages) ? SHOWCMD_BUFLEN - 1 : SHOWCMD_COLS;
 if (old_len + extra_len > limit) {
   size_t overflow = old_len + extra_len - limit;
   memmove(showcmd_buf, showcmd_buf + overflow, old_len - overflow + 1);
 }
 strcat(showcmd_buf, p);

 if (char_avail()) {
   return false;
 }

 display_showcmd();

 return true;
}

void add_to_showcmd_c(int c)
{
 add_to_showcmd(c);
 setcursor();
}

/// Delete 'len' characters from the end of the shown command.
static void del_from_showcmd(int len)
{
 if (!p_sc) {
   return;
 }

 int old_len = (int)strlen(showcmd_buf);
 len = MIN(len, old_len);
 showcmd_buf[old_len - len] = NUL;

 if (!char_avail()) {
   display_showcmd();
 }
}

/// push_showcmd() and pop_showcmd() are used when waiting for the user to type
/// something and there is a partial mapping.
void push_showcmd(void)
{
 if (p_sc) {
   STRCPY(old_showcmd_buf, showcmd_buf);
 }
}

void pop_showcmd(void)
{
 if (!p_sc) {
   return;
 }

 STRCPY(showcmd_buf, old_showcmd_buf);

 display_showcmd();
}

static void display_showcmd(void)
{
 showcmd_is_clear = (showcmd_buf[0] == NUL);

 if (*p_sloc == 's') {
   if (showcmd_is_clear) {
     curwin->w_redr_status = true;
   } else {
     win_redr_status(curwin);
     setcursor();  // put cursor back where it belongs
   }
   return;
 }
 if (*p_sloc == 't') {
   if (showcmd_is_clear) {
     redraw_tabline = true;
   } else {
     draw_tabline();
     setcursor();  // put cursor back where it belongs
   }
   return;
 }
 // 'showcmdloc' is "last" or empty

 if (ui_has(kUIMessages)) {
   MAXSIZE_TEMP_ARRAY(content, 1);
   MAXSIZE_TEMP_ARRAY(chunk, 3);
   if (!showcmd_is_clear) {
     // placeholder for future highlight support
     ADD_C(chunk, INTEGER_OBJ(0));
     ADD_C(chunk, CSTR_AS_OBJ(showcmd_buf));
     ADD_C(chunk, INTEGER_OBJ(0));
     ADD_C(content, ARRAY_OBJ(chunk));
   }
   ui_call_msg_showcmd(content);
   return;
 }
 if (p_ch == 0) {
   return;
 }

 msg_grid_validate();
 int showcmd_row = Rows - 1;
 grid_line_start(&msg_grid_adj, showcmd_row);

 int len = 0;
 if (!showcmd_is_clear) {
   len = grid_line_puts(sc_col, showcmd_buf, -1, HL_ATTR(HLF_MSG));
 }

 // clear the rest of an old message by outputting up to SHOWCMD_COLS spaces
 grid_line_puts(sc_col + len, (char *)"          " + len, -1, HL_ATTR(HLF_MSG));

 grid_line_flush();
}

int get_vtopline(win_T *wp)
{
 return plines_m_win_fill(wp, 1, wp->w_topline) - wp->w_topfill;
}

/// When "check" is false, prepare for commands that scroll the window.
/// When "check" is true, take care of scroll-binding after the window has
/// scrolled.  Called from normal_cmd() and edit().
void do_check_scrollbind(bool check)
{
 static win_T *old_curwin = NULL;
 static linenr_T old_vtopline = 0;
 static buf_T *old_buf = NULL;
 static colnr_T old_leftcol = 0;

 int vtopline = get_vtopline(curwin);

 if (check && curwin->w_p_scb) {
   // If a ":syncbind" command was just used, don't scroll, only reset
   // the values.
   if (did_syncbind) {
     did_syncbind = false;
   } else if (curwin == old_curwin) {
     // Synchronize other windows, as necessary according to
     // 'scrollbind'.  Don't do this after an ":edit" command, except
     // when 'diff' is set.
     if ((curwin->w_buffer == old_buf
          || curwin->w_p_diff
          )
         && (vtopline != old_vtopline
             || curwin->w_leftcol != old_leftcol)) {
       check_scrollbind(vtopline - old_vtopline, curwin->w_leftcol - old_leftcol);
     }
   } else if (vim_strchr(p_sbo, 'j')) {  // jump flag set in 'scrollopt'
     // When switching between windows, make sure that the relative
     // vertical offset is valid for the new window.  The relative
     // offset is invalid whenever another 'scrollbind' window has
     // scrolled to a point that would force the current window to
     // scroll past the beginning or end of its buffer.  When the
     // resync is performed, some of the other 'scrollbind' windows may
     // need to jump so that the current window's relative position is
     // visible on-screen.
     check_scrollbind(vtopline - curwin->w_scbind_pos, 0);
   }
   curwin->w_scbind_pos = vtopline;
 }

 old_curwin = curwin;
 old_vtopline = vtopline;
 old_buf = curwin->w_buffer;
 old_leftcol = curwin->w_leftcol;
}

/// Synchronize any windows that have "scrollbind" set, based on the
/// number of rows by which the current window has changed
/// (1998-11-02 16:21:01  R. Edward Ralston <eralston@computer.org>)
void check_scrollbind(linenr_T vtopline_diff, int leftcol_diff)
{
 win_T *old_curwin = curwin;
 buf_T *old_curbuf = curbuf;
 int old_VIsual_select = VIsual_select;
 int old_VIsual_active = VIsual_active;
 colnr_T tgt_leftcol = curwin->w_leftcol;

 // check 'scrollopt' string for vertical and horizontal scroll options
 bool want_ver = old_curwin->w_p_diff
                 || (vim_strchr(p_sbo, 'v') && vtopline_diff != 0);
 bool want_hor = (vim_strchr(p_sbo, 'h') && (leftcol_diff || vtopline_diff != 0));

 // loop through the scrollbound windows and scroll accordingly
 VIsual_select = VIsual_active = 0;
 FOR_ALL_WINDOWS_IN_TAB(wp, curtab) {
   curwin = wp;
   curbuf = curwin->w_buffer;
   // skip original window and windows with 'noscrollbind'
   if (curwin == old_curwin || !curwin->w_p_scb) {
     continue;
   }

   // do the vertical scroll
   if (want_ver) {
     if (old_curwin->w_p_diff && curwin->w_p_diff) {
       diff_set_topline(old_curwin, curwin);
     } else {
       curwin->w_scbind_pos += vtopline_diff;
       int curr_vtopline = get_vtopline(curwin);

       // Perf: reuse curr_vtopline to reduce the time in plines_m_win_fill().
       // Equivalent to:
       //   int max_vtopline = plines_m_win_fill(curwin, 1, curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count);
       int max_vtopline = curr_vtopline + curwin->w_topfill
                          + plines_m_win_fill(curwin, curwin->w_topline + 1,
                                              curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count);

       int new_vtopline = MAX(MIN((linenr_T)curwin->w_scbind_pos, max_vtopline), 1);

       int y = new_vtopline - curr_vtopline;
       if (y > 0) {
         scrollup(curwin, y, false);
       } else {
         scrolldown(curwin, -y, false);
       }
     }

     redraw_later(curwin, UPD_VALID);
     cursor_correct(curwin);
     curwin->w_redr_status = true;
   }

   // do the horizontal scroll
   if (want_hor) {
     set_leftcol(tgt_leftcol);
   }
 }

 // reset current-window
 VIsual_select = old_VIsual_select;
 VIsual_active = old_VIsual_active;
 curwin = old_curwin;
 curbuf = old_curbuf;
}

/// Command character that's ignored.
/// Used for CTRL-Q and CTRL-S to avoid problems with terminals that use
/// xon/xoff.
static void nv_ignore(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 cap->retval |= CA_COMMAND_BUSY;       // don't call edit() now
}

/// Command character that doesn't do anything, but unlike nv_ignore() does
/// start edit().  Used for "startinsert" executed while starting up.
static void nv_nop(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
}

/// Command character doesn't exist.
static void nv_error(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 clearopbeep(cap->oap);
}

/// <Help> and <F1> commands.
static void nv_help(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (!checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   ex_help(NULL);
 }
}

/// CTRL-A and CTRL-X: Add or subtract from letter or number under cursor.
static void nv_addsub(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (bt_prompt(curbuf) && !prompt_curpos_editable()) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 } else if (!VIsual_active && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   prep_redo_cmd(cap);
   cap->oap->op_type = cap->cmdchar == Ctrl_A ? OP_NR_ADD : OP_NR_SUB;
   op_addsub(cap->oap, cap->count1, cap->arg);
   cap->oap->op_type = OP_NOP;
 } else if (VIsual_active) {
   nv_operator(cap);
 } else {
   clearop(cap->oap);
 }
}

/// CTRL-F, CTRL-B, etc: Scroll page up or down.
static void nv_page(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 if (mod_mask & MOD_MASK_CTRL) {
   // <C-PageUp>: tab page back; <C-PageDown>: tab page forward
   if (cap->arg == BACKWARD) {
     goto_tabpage(-cap->count1);
   } else {
     goto_tabpage(cap->count0);
   }
 } else {
   pagescroll(cap->arg, cap->count1, false);
 }
}

/// Implementation of "gd" and "gD" command.
///
/// @param thisblock  1 for "1gd" and "1gD"
static void nv_gd(oparg_T *oap, int nchar, int thisblock)
{
 size_t len;
 char *ptr;
 if ((len = find_ident_under_cursor(&ptr, FIND_IDENT)) == 0
     || !find_decl(ptr, len, nchar == 'd', thisblock, SEARCH_START)) {
   clearopbeep(oap);
   return;
 }

 if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagSearch) && KeyTyped && oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
 // clear any search statistics
 if (messaging() && !msg_silent && !shortmess(SHM_SEARCHCOUNT)) {
   clear_cmdline = true;
 }
}

/// @return true if line[offset] is not inside a C-style comment or string,
///         false otherwise.
static bool is_ident(const char *line, int offset)
{
 bool incomment = false;
 int instring = 0;
 int prev = 0;

 for (int i = 0; i < offset && line[i] != NUL; i++) {
   if (instring != 0) {
     if (prev != '\\' && (uint8_t)line[i] == instring) {
       instring = 0;
     }
   } else if ((line[i] == '"' || line[i] == '\'') && !incomment) {
     instring = (uint8_t)line[i];
   } else {
     if (incomment) {
       if (prev == '*' && line[i] == '/') {
         incomment = false;
       }
     } else if (prev == '/' && line[i] == '*') {
       incomment = true;
     } else if (prev == '/' && line[i] == '/') {
       return false;
     }
   }

   prev = (uint8_t)line[i];
 }

 return incomment == false && instring == 0;
}

/// Search for variable declaration of "ptr[len]".
/// When "locally" is true in the current function ("gd"), otherwise in the
/// current file ("gD").
///
/// @param thisblock  when true check the {} block scope.
/// @param flags_arg  flags passed to searchit()
///
/// @return           fail when not found.
bool find_decl(char *ptr, size_t len, bool locally, bool thisblock, int flags_arg)
{
 pos_T par_pos;
 pos_T found_pos;
 bool t;
 bool retval = true;
 bool incll;
 int searchflags = flags_arg;

 size_t patsize = len + 7;
 char *pat = xmalloc(patsize);

 // Put "\V" before the pattern to avoid that the special meaning of "."
 // and "~" causes trouble.
 assert(patsize <= INT_MAX);
 size_t patlen = (size_t)snprintf(pat, patsize,
                                  vim_iswordp(ptr) ? "\\V\\<%.*s\\>" : "\\V%.*s",
                                  (int)len, ptr);
 pos_T old_pos = curwin->w_cursor;
 bool save_p_ws = p_ws;
 bool save_p_scs = p_scs;
 p_ws = false;         // don't wrap around end of file now
 p_scs = false;        // don't switch ignorecase off now

 // With "gD" go to line 1.
 // With "gd" Search back for the start of the current function, then go
 // back until a blank line.  If this fails go to line 1.
 if (!locally || !findpar(&incll, BACKWARD, 1, '{', false)) {
   setpcmark();                        // Set in findpar() otherwise
   curwin->w_cursor.lnum = 1;
   par_pos = curwin->w_cursor;
 } else {
   par_pos = curwin->w_cursor;
   while (curwin->w_cursor.lnum > 1
          && *skipwhite(get_cursor_line_ptr()) != NUL) {
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum--;
   }
 }
 curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;

 // Search forward for the identifier, ignore comment lines.
 clearpos(&found_pos);
 while (true) {
   t = searchit(curwin, curbuf, &curwin->w_cursor, NULL, FORWARD,
                pat, patlen, 1, searchflags, RE_LAST, NULL);
   if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum >= old_pos.lnum) {
     t = false;         // match after start is failure too
   }

   if (thisblock && t != false) {
     const int64_t maxtravel = old_pos.lnum - curwin->w_cursor.lnum + 1;
     const pos_T *pos = findmatchlimit(NULL, '}', FM_FORWARD, maxtravel);

     // Check that the block the match is in doesn't end before the
     // position where we started the search from.
     if (pos != NULL && pos->lnum < old_pos.lnum) {
       // There can't be a useful match before the end of this block.
       // Skip to the end
       curwin->w_cursor = *pos;
       continue;
     }
   }

   if (t == false) {
     // If we previously found a valid position, use it.
     if (found_pos.lnum != 0) {
       curwin->w_cursor = found_pos;
       t = true;
     }
     break;
   }
   if (get_leader_len(get_cursor_line_ptr(), NULL, false, true) > 0) {
     // Ignore this line, continue at start of next line.
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum++;
     curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
     continue;
   }
   bool valid = is_ident(get_cursor_line_ptr(), curwin->w_cursor.col);

   // If the current position is not a valid identifier and a previous match is
   // present, favor that one instead.
   if (!valid && found_pos.lnum != 0) {
     curwin->w_cursor = found_pos;
     break;
   }
   // global search: use first match found
   if (valid && !locally) {
     break;
   }
   if (valid && curwin->w_cursor.lnum >= par_pos.lnum) {
     // If we previously found a valid position, use it.
     if (found_pos.lnum != 0) {
       curwin->w_cursor = found_pos;
     }
     break;
   }

   // For finding a local variable and the match is before the "{" or
   // inside a comment, continue searching.  For K&R style function
   // declarations this skips the function header without types.
   if (!valid) {
     clearpos(&found_pos);
   } else {
     found_pos = curwin->w_cursor;
   }
   // Remove SEARCH_START from flags to avoid getting stuck at one position.
   searchflags &= ~SEARCH_START;
 }

 if (t == false) {
   retval = false;
   curwin->w_cursor = old_pos;
 } else {
   curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
   // "n" searches forward now
   reset_search_dir();
 }

 xfree(pat);
 p_ws = save_p_ws;
 p_scs = save_p_scs;

 return retval;
}

/// Move 'dist' lines in direction 'dir', counting lines by *screen*
/// lines rather than lines in the file.
/// 'dist' must be positive.
///
/// @return  true if able to move cursor, false otherwise.
bool nv_screengo(oparg_T *oap, int dir, int dist, bool skip_conceal)
{
 int linelen = linetabsize(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum);
 bool retval = true;
 bool atend = false;
 int col_off1;                 // margin offset for first screen line
 int col_off2;                 // margin offset for wrapped screen line
 int width1;                   // text width for first screen line
 int width2;                   // text width for wrapped screen line

 oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 oap->inclusive = (curwin->w_curswant == MAXCOL);

 col_off1 = win_col_off(curwin);
 col_off2 = col_off1 - win_col_off2(curwin);
 width1 = curwin->w_view_width - col_off1;
 width2 = curwin->w_view_width - col_off2;

 if (width2 == 0) {
   width2 = 1;  // Avoid divide by zero.
 }

 if (curwin->w_view_width != 0) {
   int n;
   // Instead of sticking at the last character of the buffer line we
   // try to stick in the last column of the screen.
   if (curwin->w_curswant == MAXCOL) {
     atend = true;
     validate_virtcol(curwin);
     if (width1 <= 0) {
       curwin->w_curswant = 0;
     } else {
       curwin->w_curswant = width1 - 1;
       if (curwin->w_virtcol > curwin->w_curswant) {
         curwin->w_curswant += ((curwin->w_virtcol
                                 - curwin->w_curswant -
                                 1) / width2 + 1) * width2;
       }
     }
   } else {
     if (linelen > width1) {
       n = ((linelen - width1 - 1) / width2 + 1) * width2 + width1;
     } else {
       n = width1;
     }
     curwin->w_curswant = MIN(curwin->w_curswant, n - 1);
   }

   while (dist--) {
     if (dir == BACKWARD) {
       if (curwin->w_curswant >= width1
           && !hasFolding(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, NULL, NULL)) {
         // Move back within the line. This can give a negative value
         // for w_curswant if width1 < width2 (with cpoptions+=n),
         // which will get clipped to column 0.
         curwin->w_curswant -= width2;
       } else {
         // to previous line
         if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum <= 1) {
           retval = false;
           break;
         }
         cursor_up_inner(curwin, 1, skip_conceal);

         linelen = linetabsize(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum);
         if (linelen > width1) {
           int w = (((linelen - width1 - 1) / width2) + 1) * width2;
           assert(w <= 0 || curwin->w_curswant <= INT_MAX - w);
           curwin->w_curswant += w;
         }
       }
     } else {  // dir == FORWARD
       if (linelen > width1) {
         n = ((linelen - width1 - 1) / width2 + 1) * width2 + width1;
       } else {
         n = width1;
       }
       if (curwin->w_curswant + width2 < (colnr_T)n
           && !hasFolding(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, NULL, NULL)) {
         // move forward within line
         curwin->w_curswant += width2;
       } else {
         // to next line
         if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum >= curwin->w_buffer->b_ml.ml_line_count) {
           retval = false;
           break;
         }
         cursor_down_inner(curwin, 1, skip_conceal);
         curwin->w_curswant %= width2;

         // Check if the cursor has moved below the number display
         // when width1 < width2 (with cpoptions+=n). Subtract width2
         // to get a negative value for w_curswant, which will get
         // clipped to column 0.
         if (curwin->w_curswant >= width1) {
           curwin->w_curswant -= width2;
         }
         linelen = linetabsize(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum);
       }
     }
   }
 }

 if (virtual_active(curwin) && atend) {
   coladvance(curwin, MAXCOL);
 } else {
   coladvance(curwin, curwin->w_curswant);
 }

 if (curwin->w_cursor.col > 0 && curwin->w_p_wrap) {
   // Check for landing on a character that got split at the end of the
   // last line.  We want to advance a screenline, not end up in the same
   // screenline or move two screenlines.
   validate_virtcol(curwin);
   colnr_T virtcol = curwin->w_virtcol;
   if (virtcol > (colnr_T)width1 && *get_showbreak_value(curwin) != NUL) {
     virtcol -= vim_strsize(get_showbreak_value(curwin));
   }

   int c = utf_ptr2char(get_cursor_pos_ptr());
   if (dir == FORWARD && virtcol < curwin->w_curswant
       && (curwin->w_curswant <= (colnr_T)width1)
       && !vim_isprintc(c) && c > 255) {
     oneright();
   }

   if (virtcol > curwin->w_curswant
       && (curwin->w_curswant < (colnr_T)width1
           ? (curwin->w_curswant > (colnr_T)width1 / 2)
           : ((curwin->w_curswant - width1) % width2
              > (colnr_T)width2 / 2))) {
     curwin->w_cursor.col--;
   }
 }

 if (atend) {
   curwin->w_curswant = MAXCOL;            // stick in the last column
 }
 adjust_skipcol();

 return retval;
}

/// Handle CTRL-E and CTRL-Y commands: scroll a line up or down.
/// cap->arg must be true for CTRL-E.
void nv_scroll_line(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (!checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   scroll_redraw(cap->arg, cap->count1);
 }
}

/// Get the count specified after a 'z' command. Only the 'z<CR>', 'zl', 'zh',
/// 'z<Left>', and 'z<Right>' commands accept a count after 'z'.
/// @return  true to process the 'z' command and false to skip it.
static bool nv_z_get_count(cmdarg_T *cap, int *nchar_arg)
{
 int nchar = *nchar_arg;

 // "z123{nchar}": edit the count before obtaining {nchar}
 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return false;
 }
 int n = nchar - '0';

 while (true) {
   no_mapping++;
   allow_keys++;         // no mapping for nchar, but allow key codes
   nchar = plain_vgetc();
   LANGMAP_ADJUST(nchar, true);
   no_mapping--;
   allow_keys--;
   add_to_showcmd(nchar);

   if (nchar == K_DEL || nchar == K_KDEL) {
     n /= 10;
   } else if (ascii_isdigit(nchar)) {
     if (vim_append_digit_int(&n, nchar - '0') == FAIL) {
       clearopbeep(cap->oap);
       break;
     }
   } else if (nchar == CAR) {
     win_setheight(n);
     break;
   } else if (nchar == 'l'
              || nchar == 'h'
              || nchar == K_LEFT
              || nchar == K_RIGHT) {
     cap->count1 = n ? n * cap->count1 : cap->count1;
     *nchar_arg = nchar;
     return true;
   } else {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
     break;
   }
 }
 cap->oap->op_type = OP_NOP;
 return false;
}

/// "zug" and "zuw": undo "zg" and "zw"
/// "zg": add good word to word list
/// "zw": add wrong word to word list
/// "zG": add good word to temp word list
/// "zW": add wrong word to temp word list
static int nv_zg_zw(cmdarg_T *cap, int nchar)
{
 bool undo = false;

 if (nchar == 'u') {
   no_mapping++;
   allow_keys++;               // no mapping for nchar, but allow key codes
   nchar = plain_vgetc();
   LANGMAP_ADJUST(nchar, true);
   no_mapping--;
   allow_keys--;
   add_to_showcmd(nchar);

   if (vim_strchr("gGwW", nchar) == NULL) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
     return OK;
   }
   undo = true;
 }

 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return OK;
 }
 char *ptr = NULL;
 size_t len;
 if (VIsual_active && !get_visual_text(cap, &ptr, &len)) {
   return FAIL;
 }
 if (ptr == NULL) {
   pos_T pos = curwin->w_cursor;

   // Find bad word under the cursor.  When 'spell' is
   // off this fails and find_ident_under_cursor() is
   // used below.
   emsg_off++;
   len = spell_move_to(curwin, FORWARD, SMT_ALL, true, NULL);
   emsg_off--;
   if (len != 0 && curwin->w_cursor.col <= pos.col) {
     ptr = ml_get_pos(&curwin->w_cursor);
   }
   curwin->w_cursor = pos;
 }

 if (ptr == NULL && (len = find_ident_under_cursor(&ptr, FIND_IDENT)) == 0) {
   return FAIL;
 }
 assert(len <= INT_MAX);
 spell_add_word(ptr, (int)len,
                nchar == 'w' || nchar == 'W' ? SPELL_ADD_BAD : SPELL_ADD_GOOD,
                (nchar == 'G' || nchar == 'W') ? 0 : cap->count1,
                undo);

 return OK;
}

/// Commands that start with "z".
static void nv_zet(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 colnr_T col;
 int nchar = cap->nchar;
 int old_fdl = (int)curwin->w_p_fdl;
 int old_fen = curwin->w_p_fen;

 int siso = get_sidescrolloff_value(curwin);

 if (ascii_isdigit(nchar) && !nv_z_get_count(cap, &nchar)) {
   return;
 }

 // "zf" and "zF" are always an operator, "zd", "zo", "zO", "zc"
 // and "zC" only in Visual mode.  "zj" and "zk" are motion
 // commands.
 if (cap->nchar != 'f' && cap->nchar != 'F'
     && !(VIsual_active && vim_strchr("dcCoO", cap->nchar))
     && cap->nchar != 'j' && cap->nchar != 'k'
     && checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 // For "z+", "z<CR>", "zt", "z.", "zz", "z^", "z-", "zb":
 // If line number given, set cursor.
 if ((vim_strchr("+\r\nt.z^-b", nchar) != NULL)
     && cap->count0
     && cap->count0 != curwin->w_cursor.lnum) {
   setpcmark();
   if (cap->count0 > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count) {
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
   } else {
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = cap->count0;
   }
   check_cursor_col(curwin);
 }

 switch (nchar) {
 // "z+", "z<CR>" and "zt": put cursor at top of screen
 case '+':
   if (cap->count0 == 0) {
     // No count given: put cursor at the line below screen
     validate_botline_win(curwin);  // make sure w_botline is valid
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = MIN(curwin->w_botline, curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count);
   }
   FALLTHROUGH;
 case NL:
 case CAR:
 case K_KENTER:
   beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
   FALLTHROUGH;

 case 't':
   scroll_cursor_top(curwin, 0, true);
   redraw_later(curwin, UPD_VALID);
   set_fraction(curwin);
   break;

 // "z." and "zz": put cursor in middle of screen
 case '.':
   beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
   FALLTHROUGH;

 case 'z':
   scroll_cursor_halfway(curwin, true, false);
   redraw_later(curwin, UPD_VALID);
   set_fraction(curwin);
   break;

 // "z^", "z-" and "zb": put cursor at bottom of screen
 case '^':     // Strange Vi behavior: <count>z^ finds line at top of window
               // when <count> is at bottom of window, and puts that one at
               // bottom of window.
   if (cap->count0 != 0) {
     scroll_cursor_bot(curwin, 0, true);
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curwin->w_topline;
   } else if (curwin->w_topline == 1) {
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = 1;
   } else {
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curwin->w_topline - 1;
   }
   FALLTHROUGH;
 case '-':
   beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
   FALLTHROUGH;

 case 'b':
   scroll_cursor_bot(curwin, 0, true);
   redraw_later(curwin, UPD_VALID);
   set_fraction(curwin);
   break;

 // "zH" - scroll screen right half-page
 case 'H':
   cap->count1 *= curwin->w_view_width / 2;
   FALLTHROUGH;

 // "zh" - scroll screen to the right
 case 'h':
 case K_LEFT:
   if (!curwin->w_p_wrap) {
     set_leftcol((colnr_T)cap->count1 > curwin->w_leftcol
                 ? 0 : curwin->w_leftcol - (colnr_T)cap->count1);
   }
   break;

 // "zL" - scroll window left half-page
 case 'L':
   cap->count1 *= curwin->w_view_width / 2;
   FALLTHROUGH;

 // "zl" - scroll window to the left if not wrapping
 case 'l':
 case K_RIGHT:
   if (!curwin->w_p_wrap) {
     set_leftcol(curwin->w_leftcol + (colnr_T)cap->count1);
   }
   break;

 // "zs" - scroll screen, cursor at the start
 case 's':
   if (!curwin->w_p_wrap) {
     if (hasFolding(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, NULL, NULL)) {
       col = 0;                        // like the cursor is in col 0
     } else {
       getvcol(curwin, &curwin->w_cursor, &col, NULL, NULL);
     }
     if (col > siso) {
       col -= siso;
     } else {
       col = 0;
     }
     if (curwin->w_leftcol != col) {
       curwin->w_leftcol = col;
       redraw_later(curwin, UPD_NOT_VALID);
     }
   }
   break;

 // "ze" - scroll screen, cursor at the end
 case 'e':
   if (!curwin->w_p_wrap) {
     if (hasFolding(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, NULL, NULL)) {
       col = 0;                        // like the cursor is in col 0
     } else {
       getvcol(curwin, &curwin->w_cursor, NULL, NULL, &col);
     }
     int n = curwin->w_view_width - win_col_off(curwin);
     if (col + siso < n) {
       col = 0;
     } else {
       col = col + siso - n + 1;
     }
     if (curwin->w_leftcol != col) {
       curwin->w_leftcol = col;
       redraw_later(curwin, UPD_NOT_VALID);
     }
   }
   break;

 // "zp", "zP" in block mode put without adding trailing spaces
 case 'P':
 case 'p':
   nv_put(cap);
   break;
 // "zy" Yank without trailing spaces
 case 'y':
   nv_operator(cap);
   break;

 // "zF": create fold command
 // "zf": create fold operator
 case 'F':
 case 'f':
   if (foldManualAllowed(true)) {
     cap->nchar = 'f';
     nv_operator(cap);
     curwin->w_p_fen = true;

     // "zF" is like "zfzf"
     if (nchar == 'F' && cap->oap->op_type == OP_FOLD) {
       nv_operator(cap);
       finish_op = true;
     }
   } else {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   }
   break;

 // "zd": delete fold at cursor
 // "zD": delete fold at cursor recursively
 case 'd':
 case 'D':
   if (foldManualAllowed(false)) {
     if (VIsual_active) {
       nv_operator(cap);
     } else {
       deleteFold(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum,
                  curwin->w_cursor.lnum, nchar == 'D', false);
     }
   }
   break;

 // "zE": erase all folds
 case 'E':
   if (foldmethodIsManual(curwin)) {
     clearFolding(curwin);
     changed_window_setting(curwin);
   } else if (foldmethodIsMarker(curwin)) {
     deleteFold(curwin, 1, curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count, true, false);
   } else {
     emsg(_("E352: Cannot erase folds with current 'foldmethod'"));
   }
   break;

 // "zn": fold none: reset 'foldenable'
 case 'n':
   curwin->w_p_fen = false;
   break;

 // "zN": fold Normal: set 'foldenable'
 case 'N':
   curwin->w_p_fen = true;
   break;

 // "zi": invert folding: toggle 'foldenable'
 case 'i':
   curwin->w_p_fen = !curwin->w_p_fen;
   break;

 // "za": open closed fold or close open fold at cursor
 case 'a':
   if (hasFolding(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, NULL, NULL)) {
     openFold(curwin->w_cursor, cap->count1);
   } else {
     closeFold(curwin->w_cursor, cap->count1);
     curwin->w_p_fen = true;
   }
   break;

 // "zA": open fold at cursor recursively
 case 'A':
   if (hasFolding(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, NULL, NULL)) {
     openFoldRecurse(curwin->w_cursor);
   } else {
     closeFoldRecurse(curwin->w_cursor);
     curwin->w_p_fen = true;
   }
   break;

 // "zo": open fold at cursor or Visual area
 case 'o':
   if (VIsual_active) {
     nv_operator(cap);
   } else {
     openFold(curwin->w_cursor, cap->count1);
   }
   break;

 // "zO": open fold recursively
 case 'O':
   if (VIsual_active) {
     nv_operator(cap);
   } else {
     openFoldRecurse(curwin->w_cursor);
   }
   break;

 // "zc": close fold at cursor or Visual area
 case 'c':
   if (VIsual_active) {
     nv_operator(cap);
   } else {
     closeFold(curwin->w_cursor, cap->count1);
   }
   curwin->w_p_fen = true;
   break;

 // "zC": close fold recursively
 case 'C':
   if (VIsual_active) {
     nv_operator(cap);
   } else {
     closeFoldRecurse(curwin->w_cursor);
   }
   curwin->w_p_fen = true;
   break;

 // "zv": open folds at the cursor
 case 'v':
   foldOpenCursor();
   break;

 // "zx": re-apply 'foldlevel' and open folds at the cursor
 case 'x':
   curwin->w_p_fen = true;
   curwin->w_foldinvalid = true;               // recompute folds
   newFoldLevel();                             // update right now
   foldOpenCursor();
   break;

 // "zX": undo manual opens/closes, re-apply 'foldlevel'
 case 'X':
   curwin->w_p_fen = true;
   curwin->w_foldinvalid = true;               // recompute folds
   old_fdl = -1;                               // force an update
   break;

 // "zm": fold more
 case 'm':
   if (curwin->w_p_fdl > 0) {
     curwin->w_p_fdl -= cap->count1;
     curwin->w_p_fdl = MAX(curwin->w_p_fdl, 0);
   }
   old_fdl = -1;                       // force an update
   curwin->w_p_fen = true;
   break;

 // "zM": close all folds
 case 'M':
   curwin->w_p_fdl = 0;
   old_fdl = -1;                       // force an update
   curwin->w_p_fen = true;
   break;

 // "zr": reduce folding
 case 'r':
   curwin->w_p_fdl += cap->count1;
   {
     int d = getDeepestNesting(curwin);
     curwin->w_p_fdl = MIN(curwin->w_p_fdl, d);
   }
   break;

 case 'R':     //  "zR": open all folds
   curwin->w_p_fdl = getDeepestNesting(curwin);
   old_fdl = -1;                       // force an update
   break;

 case 'j':     // "zj" move to next fold downwards
 case 'k':     // "zk" move to next fold upwards
   if (foldMoveTo(true, nchar == 'j' ? FORWARD : BACKWARD,
                  cap->count1) == false) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   }
   break;

 case 'u':     // "zug" and "zuw": undo "zg" and "zw"
 case 'g':     // "zg": add good word to word list
 case 'w':     // "zw": add wrong word to word list
 case 'G':     // "zG": add good word to temp word list
 case 'W':     // "zW": add wrong word to temp word list
   if (nv_zg_zw(cap, nchar) == FAIL) {
     return;
   }
   break;

 case '=':     // "z=": suggestions for a badly spelled word
   if (!checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
     spell_suggest(cap->count0);
   }
   break;

 default:
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 }

 // Redraw when 'foldenable' changed
 if (old_fen != curwin->w_p_fen) {
   if (foldmethodIsDiff(curwin) && curwin->w_p_scb) {
     // Adjust 'foldenable' in diff-synced windows.
     FOR_ALL_WINDOWS_IN_TAB(wp, curtab) {
       if (wp != curwin && foldmethodIsDiff(wp) && wp->w_p_scb) {
         wp->w_p_fen = curwin->w_p_fen;
         changed_window_setting(wp);
       }
     }
   }
   changed_window_setting(curwin);
 }

 // Redraw when 'foldlevel' changed.
 if (old_fdl != curwin->w_p_fdl) {
   newFoldLevel();
 }
}

/// "Q" command.
static void nv_regreplay(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 while (cap->count1-- && !got_int) {
   if (do_execreg(reg_recorded, false, false, false) == false) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
     break;
   }
   line_breakcheck();
 }
}

/// Handle a ":" command and <Cmd> or Lua mappings.
static void nv_colon(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 bool cmd_result;
 bool is_cmdkey = cap->cmdchar == K_COMMAND;
 bool is_lua = cap->cmdchar == K_LUA;

 if (VIsual_active && !is_cmdkey && !is_lua) {
   nv_operator(cap);
   return;
 }

 if (cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP) {
   // Using ":" as a movement is charwise exclusive.
   cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
   cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 } else if (cap->count0 && !is_cmdkey && !is_lua) {
   // translate "count:" into ":.,.+(count - 1)"
   stuffcharReadbuff('.');
   if (cap->count0 > 1) {
     stuffReadbuff(",.+");
     stuffnumReadbuff(cap->count0 - 1);
   }
 }

 // When typing, don't type below an old message
 if (KeyTyped) {
   compute_cmdrow();
 }

 if (is_lua) {
   cmd_result = map_execute_lua(true, false);
 } else {
   // get a command line and execute it
   cmd_result = do_cmdline(NULL, is_cmdkey ? getcmdkeycmd : getexline, NULL,
                           cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP ? DOCMD_KEEPLINE : 0);
 }

 if (cmd_result == false) {
   // The Ex command failed, do not execute the operator.
   clearop(cap->oap);
 } else if (cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP
            && (cap->oap->start.lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count
                || cap->oap->start.col > ml_get_len(cap->oap->start.lnum)
                || did_emsg)) {
   // The start of the operator has become invalid by the Ex command.
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 }
}

/// Handle CTRL-G command.
static void nv_ctrlg(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (VIsual_active) {  // toggle Selection/Visual mode
   VIsual_select = !VIsual_select;
   may_trigger_modechanged();
   showmode();
 } else if (!checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   // print full name if count given or :cd used
   fileinfo(cap->count0, false, true);
 }
}

/// Handle CTRL-H <Backspace> command.
static void nv_ctrlh(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (VIsual_active && VIsual_select) {
   cap->cmdchar = 'x';         // BS key behaves like 'x' in Select mode
   v_visop(cap);
 } else {
   nv_left(cap);
 }
}

/// CTRL-L: clear screen and redraw.
static void nv_clear(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 // Clear all syntax states to force resyncing.
 syn_stack_free_all(curwin->w_s);
 FOR_ALL_WINDOWS_IN_TAB(wp, curtab) {
   wp->w_s->b_syn_slow = false;
 }
 redraw_later(curwin, UPD_CLEAR);
}

/// CTRL-O: In Select mode: switch to Visual mode for one command.
/// Otherwise: Go to older pcmark.
static void nv_ctrlo(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (VIsual_active && VIsual_select) {
   VIsual_select = false;
   may_trigger_modechanged();
   showmode();
   restart_VIsual_select = 2;          // restart Select mode later
 } else {
   cap->count1 = -cap->count1;
   nv_pcmark(cap);
 }
}

/// CTRL-^ command, short for ":e #".  Works even when the alternate buffer is
/// not named.
static void nv_hat(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (!checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   buflist_getfile(cap->count0, 0,
                   GETF_SETMARK|GETF_ALT, false);
 }
}

/// "Z" commands.
static void nv_Zet(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 switch (cap->nchar) {
 // "ZZ": equivalent to ":x".
 case 'Z':
   do_cmdline_cmd("x");
   break;

 // "ZQ": equivalent to ":q!" (Elvis compatible).
 case 'Q':
   do_cmdline_cmd("q!");
   break;

 default:
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 }
}

/// Call nv_ident() as if "c1" was used, with "c2" as next character.
void do_nv_ident(int c1, int c2)
{
 oparg_T oa;
 cmdarg_T ca;

 clear_oparg(&oa);
 CLEAR_FIELD(ca);
 ca.oap = &oa;
 ca.cmdchar = c1;
 ca.nchar = c2;
 nv_ident(&ca);
}

/// 'K' normal-mode command. Get the command to lookup the keyword under the
/// cursor.
static size_t nv_K_getcmd(cmdarg_T *cap, char *kp, bool kp_help, bool kp_ex, char **ptr_arg,
                         size_t n, char *buf, size_t bufsize, size_t *buflen)
{
 if (kp_help) {
   // in the help buffer
   STRCPY(buf, "he! ");
   *buflen = STRLEN_LITERAL("he! ");
   return n;
 }

 if (kp_ex) {
   *buflen = 0;
   // 'keywordprg' is an ex command
   if (cap->count0 != 0) {  // Send the count to the ex command.
     *buflen = (size_t)snprintf(buf, bufsize, "%" PRId64, (int64_t)(cap->count0));
   }
   *buflen += (size_t)snprintf(buf + *buflen, bufsize - *buflen, "%s ", kp);
   return n;
 }

 char *ptr = *ptr_arg;

 // An external command will probably use an argument starting
 // with "-" as an option.  To avoid trouble we skip the "-".
 while (*ptr == '-' && n > 0) {
   ptr++;
   n--;
 }
 if (n == 0) {
   // found dashes only
   emsg(_(e_noident));
   xfree(buf);
   *ptr_arg = ptr;
   return 0;
 }

 // When a count is given, turn it into a range.  Is this
 // really what we want?
 bool isman = (strcmp(kp, "man") == 0);
 bool isman_s = (strcmp(kp, "man -s") == 0);
 if (cap->count0 != 0 && !(isman || isman_s)) {
   *buflen = (size_t)snprintf(buf, bufsize, ".,.+%" PRId64, (int64_t)(cap->count0 - 1));
 }

 do_cmdline_cmd("tabnew");
 *buflen += (size_t)snprintf(buf + *buflen, bufsize - *buflen, "terminal ");
 if (cap->count0 == 0 && isman_s) {
   *buflen += (size_t)snprintf(buf + *buflen, bufsize - *buflen, "man ");
 } else {
   *buflen += (size_t)snprintf(buf + *buflen, bufsize - *buflen, "%s ", kp);
 }
 if (cap->count0 != 0 && (isman || isman_s)) {
   *buflen += (size_t)snprintf(buf + *buflen, bufsize - *buflen,
                               "%" PRId64 " ", (int64_t)cap->count0);
 }

 *ptr_arg = ptr;
 return n;
}

/// Handle the commands that use the word under the cursor.
/// [g] CTRL-]   :ta to current identifier
/// [g] 'K'      run program for current identifier
/// [g] '*'      / to current identifier or string
/// [g] '#'      ? to current identifier or string
///  g  ']'      :tselect for current identifier
static void nv_ident(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 char *ptr = NULL;
 char *p;
 size_t n = 0;                 // init for GCC
 int cmdchar;
 bool g_cmd;                   // "g" command
 bool tag_cmd = false;

 if (cap->cmdchar == 'g') {    // "g*", "g#", "g]" and "gCTRL-]"
   cmdchar = cap->nchar;
   g_cmd = true;
 } else {
   cmdchar = cap->cmdchar;
   g_cmd = false;
 }

 if (cmdchar == POUND) {       // the pound sign, '#' for English keyboards
   cmdchar = '#';
 }

 // The "]", "CTRL-]" and "K" commands accept an argument in Visual mode.
 if (cmdchar == ']' || cmdchar == Ctrl_RSB || cmdchar == 'K') {
   if (VIsual_active && get_visual_text(cap, &ptr, &n) == false) {
     return;
   }
   if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
     return;
   }
 }

 if (ptr == NULL && (n = find_ident_under_cursor(&ptr,
                                                 ((cmdchar == '*'
                                                   || cmdchar == '#')
                                                  ? FIND_IDENT|FIND_STRING
                                                  : FIND_IDENT))) == 0) {
   clearop(cap->oap);
   return;
 }

 // Allocate buffer to put the command in.  Inserting backslashes can
 // double the length of the word.  p_kp / curbuf->b_p_kp could be added
 // and some numbers.
 char *kp = *curbuf->b_p_kp == NUL ? p_kp : curbuf->b_p_kp;  // 'keywordprg'
 bool kp_help = (*kp == NUL || strcmp(kp, ":he") == 0 || strcmp(kp, ":help") == 0);
 if (kp_help && *skipwhite(ptr) == NUL) {
   emsg(_(e_noident));   // found white space only
   return;
 }
 bool kp_ex = (*kp == ':');  // 'keywordprg' is an ex command
 size_t bufsize = n * 2 + 30 + strlen(kp);
 char *buf = xmalloc(bufsize);
 buf[0] = NUL;
 size_t buflen = 0;

 switch (cmdchar) {
 case '*':
 case '#':
   // Put cursor at start of word, makes search skip the word
   // under the cursor.
   // Call setpcmark() first, so "*``" puts the cursor back where
   // it was.
   setpcmark();
   curwin->w_cursor.col = (colnr_T)(ptr - get_cursor_line_ptr());

   if (!g_cmd && vim_iswordp(ptr)) {
     STRCPY(buf, "\\<");
     buflen = STRLEN_LITERAL("\\<");
   }
   no_smartcase = true;                // don't use 'smartcase' now
   break;

 case 'K':
   n = nv_K_getcmd(cap, kp, kp_help, kp_ex, &ptr, n, buf, bufsize, &buflen);
   if (n == 0) {
     return;
   }
   break;

 case ']':
   tag_cmd = true;
   STRCPY(buf, "ts ");
   buflen = STRLEN_LITERAL("ts ");
   break;

 default:
   tag_cmd = true;
   if (curbuf->b_help) {
     STRCPY(buf, "he! ");
     buflen = STRLEN_LITERAL("he! ");
   } else {
     if (g_cmd) {
       STRCPY(buf, "tj ");
       buflen = STRLEN_LITERAL("tj ");
     } else if (cap->count0 == 0) {
       STRCPY(buf, "ta ");
       buflen = STRLEN_LITERAL("ta ");
     } else {
       buflen = (size_t)snprintf(buf, bufsize, ":%" PRId64 "ta ", (int64_t)cap->count0);
     }
   }
 }

 // Now grab the chars in the identifier
 if (cmdchar == 'K' && !kp_help) {
   ptr = xstrnsave(ptr, n);
   if (kp_ex) {
     // Escape the argument properly for an Ex command
     p = vim_strsave_fnameescape(ptr, VSE_NONE);
   } else {
     // Escape the argument properly for a shell command
     p = vim_strsave_shellescape(ptr, true, true);
   }
   xfree(ptr);
   size_t plen = strlen(p);
   char *newbuf = xrealloc(buf, buflen + plen + 1);
   buf = newbuf;
   STRCPY(buf + buflen, p);
   buflen += plen;
   xfree(p);
 } else {
   char *aux_ptr;
   if (cmdchar == '*') {
     aux_ptr = (magic_isset() ? "/.*~[^$\\" : "/^$\\");
   } else if (cmdchar == '#') {
     aux_ptr = (magic_isset() ? "/?.*~[^$\\" : "/?^$\\");
   } else if (tag_cmd) {
     if (strcmp(curbuf->b_p_ft, "help") == 0) {
       // ":help" handles unescaped argument
       aux_ptr = "";
     } else {
       aux_ptr = "\\|\"\n[";
     }
   } else {
     aux_ptr = "\\|\"\n*?[";
   }

   p = buf + buflen;
   while (n-- > 0) {
     // put a backslash before \ and some others
     if (vim_strchr(aux_ptr, (uint8_t)(*ptr)) != NULL) {
       *p++ = '\\';
     }

     // When current byte is a part of multibyte character, copy all
     // bytes of that character.
     const size_t len = (size_t)(utfc_ptr2len(ptr) - 1);
     for (size_t i = 0; i < len && n > 0; i++, n--) {
       *p++ = *ptr++;
     }
     *p++ = *ptr++;
   }
   *p = NUL;
   buflen = (size_t)(p - buf);
 }

 // Execute the command.
 if (cmdchar == '*' || cmdchar == '#') {
   if (!g_cmd && vim_iswordp(mb_prevptr(get_cursor_line_ptr(), ptr))) {
     STRCPY(buf + buflen, "\\>");
     buflen += STRLEN_LITERAL("\\>");
   }

   // put pattern in search history
   init_history();
   add_to_history(HIST_SEARCH, buf, buflen, true, NUL);

   normal_search(cap, cmdchar == '*' ? '/' : '?', buf, buflen, 0, NULL);
 } else {
   g_tag_at_cursor = true;
   do_cmdline_cmd(buf);
   g_tag_at_cursor = false;

   if (cmdchar == 'K' && !kp_ex && !kp_help) {
     // Start insert mode in terminal buffer
     restart_edit = 'i';

     add_map("<esc>", "<Cmd>bdelete!<CR>", MODE_TERMINAL, true);
   }
 }

 xfree(buf);
}

/// Get visually selected text, within one line only.
///
/// @param pp    return: start of selected text
/// @param lenp  return: length of selected text
///
/// @return      false if more than one line selected.
bool get_visual_text(cmdarg_T *cap, char **pp, size_t *lenp)
{
 if (VIsual_mode != 'V') {
   unadjust_for_sel();
 }
 if (VIsual.lnum != curwin->w_cursor.lnum) {
   if (cap != NULL) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   }
   return false;
 }
 if (VIsual_mode == 'V') {
   *pp = get_cursor_line_ptr();
   *lenp = (size_t)get_cursor_line_len();
 } else {
   if (lt(curwin->w_cursor, VIsual)) {
     *pp = ml_get_pos(&curwin->w_cursor);
     *lenp = (size_t)VIsual.col - (size_t)curwin->w_cursor.col + 1;
   } else {
     *pp = ml_get_pos(&VIsual);
     *lenp = (size_t)curwin->w_cursor.col - (size_t)VIsual.col + 1;
   }
   if (**pp == NUL) {
     *lenp = 0;
   }
   if (*lenp > 0) {
     // Correct the length to include all bytes of the last character.
     *lenp += (size_t)(utfc_ptr2len(*pp + (*lenp - 1)) - 1);
   }
 }
 reset_VIsual_and_resel();
 return true;
}

/// CTRL-T: backwards in tag stack
static void nv_tagpop(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (!checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   do_tag("", DT_POP, cap->count1, false, true);
 }
}

/// Handle scrolling command 'H', 'L' and 'M'.
static void nv_scroll(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 int n;
 linenr_T lnum;

 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTLineWise;
 setpcmark();

 if (cap->cmdchar == 'L') {
   validate_botline_win(curwin);  // make sure curwin->w_botline is valid
   curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curwin->w_botline - 1;
   if (cap->count1 - 1 >= curwin->w_cursor.lnum) {
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = 1;
   } else {
     if (win_lines_concealed(curwin)) {
       // Count a fold for one screen line.
       for (n = cap->count1 - 1; n > 0 && curwin->w_cursor.lnum > curwin->w_topline; n--) {
         hasFolding(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, &curwin->w_cursor.lnum, NULL);
         n += decor_conceal_line(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum, true);
         if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum > curwin->w_topline) {
           curwin->w_cursor.lnum--;
         }
       }
     } else {
       curwin->w_cursor.lnum -= cap->count1 - 1;
     }
   }
 } else {
   if (cap->cmdchar == 'M') {
     int used = 0;
     // Don't count filler lines above the window.
     used -= win_get_fill(curwin, curwin->w_topline) - curwin->w_topfill;
     validate_botline_win(curwin);  // make sure w_empty_rows is valid
     int half = (curwin->w_view_height - curwin->w_empty_rows + 1) / 2;
     for (n = 0; curwin->w_topline + n < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count; n++) {
       // Count half the number of filler lines to be "below this
       // line" and half to be "above the next line".
       if (n > 0 && used + win_get_fill(curwin, curwin->w_topline + n) / 2 >= half) {
         n--;
         break;
       }
       used += plines_win(curwin, curwin->w_topline + n, true);
       if (used >= half) {
         break;
       }
       if (hasFolding(curwin, curwin->w_topline + n, NULL, &lnum)) {
         n = lnum - curwin->w_topline;
       }
     }
     if (n > 0 && used > curwin->w_view_height) {
       n--;
     }
   } else {  // (cap->cmdchar == 'H')
     n = cap->count1 - 1;
     if (win_lines_concealed(curwin)) {
       // Count a fold for one screen line.
       lnum = curwin->w_topline;
       while ((decor_conceal_line(curwin, lnum - 1, true) || n-- > 0)
              && lnum < curwin->w_botline - 1) {
         hasFolding(curwin, lnum, NULL, &lnum);
         lnum++;
       }
       n = lnum - curwin->w_topline;
     }
   }
   curwin->w_cursor.lnum = MIN(curwin->w_topline + n, curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count);
 }

 // Correct for 'so', except when an operator is pending.
 if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   cursor_correct(curwin);
 }
 beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
}

/// Cursor right commands.
static void nv_right(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 int n;

 if (mod_mask & (MOD_MASK_SHIFT | MOD_MASK_CTRL)) {
   // <C-Right> and <S-Right> move a word or WORD right
   if (mod_mask & MOD_MASK_CTRL) {
     cap->arg = true;
   }
   nv_wordcmd(cap);
   return;
 }

 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 bool past_line = (VIsual_active && *p_sel != 'o');

 // In virtual edit mode, there's no such thing as "past_line", as lines
 // are (theoretically) infinitely long.
 if (virtual_active(curwin)) {
   past_line = false;
 }

 for (n = cap->count1; n > 0; n--) {
   if ((!past_line && oneright() == false)
       || (past_line && *get_cursor_pos_ptr() == NUL)) {
     //    <Space> wraps to next line if 'whichwrap' has 's'.
     //        'l' wraps to next line if 'whichwrap' has 'l'.
     // CURS_RIGHT wraps to next line if 'whichwrap' has '>'.
     if (((cap->cmdchar == ' ' && vim_strchr(p_ww, 's') != NULL)
          || (cap->cmdchar == 'l' && vim_strchr(p_ww, 'l') != NULL)
          || (cap->cmdchar == K_RIGHT && vim_strchr(p_ww, '>') != NULL))
         && curwin->w_cursor.lnum < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count) {
       // When deleting we also count the NL as a character.
       // Set cap->oap->inclusive when last char in the line is
       // included, move to next line after that
       if (cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP
           && !cap->oap->inclusive
           && !LINEEMPTY(curwin->w_cursor.lnum)) {
         cap->oap->inclusive = true;
       } else {
         curwin->w_cursor.lnum++;
         curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
         curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
         curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
         cap->oap->inclusive = false;
       }
       continue;
     }
     if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
       // Only beep and flush if not moved at all
       if (n == cap->count1) {
         beep_flush();
       }
     } else {
       if (!LINEEMPTY(curwin->w_cursor.lnum)) {
         cap->oap->inclusive = true;
       }
     }
     break;
   } else if (past_line) {
     curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
     if (virtual_active(curwin)) {
       oneright();
     } else {
       curwin->w_cursor.col += utfc_ptr2len(get_cursor_pos_ptr());
     }
   }
 }
 if (n != cap->count1 && (fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagHor) && KeyTyped
     && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// Cursor left commands.
///
/// @return  true when operator end should not be adjusted.
static void nv_left(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 int n;

 if (mod_mask & (MOD_MASK_SHIFT | MOD_MASK_CTRL)) {
   // <C-Left> and <S-Left> move a word or WORD left
   if (mod_mask & MOD_MASK_CTRL) {
     cap->arg = 1;
   }
   nv_bck_word(cap);
   return;
 }

 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 for (n = cap->count1; n > 0; n--) {
   if (oneleft() == false) {
     // <BS> and <Del> wrap to previous line if 'whichwrap' has 'b'.
     //                 'h' wraps to previous line if 'whichwrap' has 'h'.
     //           CURS_LEFT wraps to previous line if 'whichwrap' has '<'.
     if ((((cap->cmdchar == K_BS || cap->cmdchar == Ctrl_H)
           && vim_strchr(p_ww, 'b') != NULL)
          || (cap->cmdchar == 'h' && vim_strchr(p_ww, 'h') != NULL)
          || (cap->cmdchar == K_LEFT && vim_strchr(p_ww, '<') != NULL))
         && curwin->w_cursor.lnum > 1) {
       curwin->w_cursor.lnum--;
       coladvance(curwin, MAXCOL);
       curwin->w_set_curswant = true;

       // When the NL before the first char has to be deleted we
       // put the cursor on the NUL after the previous line.
       // This is a very special case, be careful!
       // Don't adjust op_end now, otherwise it won't work.
       if ((cap->oap->op_type == OP_DELETE || cap->oap->op_type == OP_CHANGE)
           && !LINEEMPTY(curwin->w_cursor.lnum)) {
         char *cp = get_cursor_pos_ptr();

         if (*cp != NUL) {
           curwin->w_cursor.col += utfc_ptr2len(cp);
         }
         cap->retval |= CA_NO_ADJ_OP_END;
       }
       continue;
     } else if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP && n == cap->count1) {
       // Only beep and flush if not moved at all
       beep_flush();
     }
     break;
   }
 }
 if (n != cap->count1 && (fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagHor) && KeyTyped
     && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// Cursor up commands.
/// cap->arg is true for "-": Move cursor to first non-blank.
static void nv_up(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (mod_mask & MOD_MASK_SHIFT) {
   // <S-Up> is page up
   cap->arg = BACKWARD;
   nv_page(cap);
   return;
 }

 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTLineWise;
 if (cursor_up(cap->count1, cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) == false) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 } else if (cap->arg) {
   beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
 }
}

/// Cursor down commands.
/// cap->arg is true for CR and "+": Move cursor to first non-blank.
static void nv_down(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (mod_mask & MOD_MASK_SHIFT) {
   // <S-Down> is page down
   cap->arg = FORWARD;
   nv_page(cap);
 } else if (bt_quickfix(curbuf) && cap->cmdchar == CAR) {
   // Quickfix window only: view the result under the cursor.
   qf_view_result(false);
 } else {
   // In the cmdline window a <CR> executes the command.
   if (cmdwin_type != 0 && cap->cmdchar == CAR) {
     cmdwin_result = CAR;
   } else if (bt_prompt(curbuf) && cap->cmdchar == CAR
              && curwin->w_cursor.lnum == curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count) {
     // In a prompt buffer a <CR> in the last line invokes the callback.
     prompt_invoke_callback();
     if (restart_edit == 0) {
       restart_edit = 'a';
     }
   } else {
     cap->oap->motion_type = kMTLineWise;
     if (cursor_down(cap->count1, cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) == false) {
       clearopbeep(cap->oap);
     } else if (cap->arg) {
       beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
     }
   }
 }
}

/// Grab the file name under the cursor and edit it.
static void nv_gotofile(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 linenr_T lnum = -1;

 if (check_text_or_curbuf_locked(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 if (!check_can_set_curbuf_disabled()) {
   return;
 }

 char *ptr = grab_file_name(cap->count1, &lnum);

 if (ptr != NULL) {
   // do autowrite if necessary
   if (curbufIsChanged() && curbuf->b_nwindows <= 1 && !buf_hide(curbuf)) {
     autowrite(curbuf, false);
   }
   setpcmark();
   if (do_ecmd(0, ptr, NULL, NULL, ECMD_LAST,
               buf_hide(curbuf) ? ECMD_HIDE : 0, curwin) == OK
       && cap->nchar == 'F' && lnum >= 0) {
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
     check_cursor_lnum(curwin);
     beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
   }
   xfree(ptr);
 } else {
   clearop(cap->oap);
 }
}

/// <End> command: to end of current line or last line.
static void nv_end(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (cap->arg || (mod_mask & MOD_MASK_CTRL)) {  // CTRL-END = goto last line
   cap->arg = true;
   nv_goto(cap);
   cap->count1 = 1;                    // to end of current line
 }
 nv_dollar(cap);
}

/// Handle the "$" command.
static void nv_dollar(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = true;
 // In virtual mode when off the edge of a line and an operator
 // is pending (whew!) keep the cursor where it is.
 // Otherwise, send it to the end of the line.
 if (!virtual_active(curwin) || gchar_cursor() != NUL
     || cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   curwin->w_curswant = MAXCOL;        // so we stay at the end
 }
 if (cursor_down(cap->count1 - 1,
                 cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) == false) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 } else if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagHor) && KeyTyped && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// Implementation of '?' and '/' commands.
/// If cap->arg is true don't set PC mark.
static void nv_search(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 oparg_T *oap = cap->oap;
 pos_T save_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;

 if (cap->cmdchar == '?' && cap->oap->op_type == OP_ROT13) {
   // Translate "g??" to "g?g?"
   cap->cmdchar = 'g';
   cap->nchar = '?';
   nv_operator(cap);
   return;
 }

 // When using 'incsearch' the cursor may be moved to set a different search
 // start position.
 cap->searchbuf = getcmdline(cap->cmdchar, cap->count1, 0, true);

 if (cap->searchbuf == NULL) {
   clearop(oap);
   return;
 }

 normal_search(cap, cap->cmdchar, cap->searchbuf, strlen(cap->searchbuf),
               (cap->arg || !equalpos(save_cursor, curwin->w_cursor))
               ? 0 : SEARCH_MARK, NULL);
}

/// Handle "N" and "n" commands.
/// cap->arg is SEARCH_REV for "N", 0 for "n".
static void nv_next(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 pos_T old = curwin->w_cursor;
 int wrapped = false;
 int i = normal_search(cap, 0, NULL, 0, SEARCH_MARK | cap->arg, &wrapped);

 if (i == 1 && !wrapped && equalpos(old, curwin->w_cursor)) {
   // Avoid getting stuck on the current cursor position, which can happen when
   // an offset is given and the cursor is on the last char in the buffer:
   // Repeat with count + 1.
   cap->count1 += 1;
   normal_search(cap, 0, NULL, 0, SEARCH_MARK | cap->arg, NULL);
   cap->count1 -= 1;
 }

 // Redraw the window to refresh the highlighted matches.
 if (i > 0 && p_hls && !no_hlsearch
     && win_hl_attr(curwin, HLF_LC) != win_hl_attr(curwin, HLF_L)) {
   redraw_later(curwin, UPD_SOME_VALID);
 }
}

/// Search for "pat" in direction "dir" ('/' or '?', 0 for repeat).
/// Uses only cap->count1 and cap->oap from "cap".
///
/// @param opt  extra flags for do_search()
///
/// @return 0 for failure, 1 for found, 2 for found and line offset added.
static int normal_search(cmdarg_T *cap, int dir, char *pat, size_t patlen, int opt, int *wrapped)
{
 searchit_arg_T sia;
 pos_T const prev_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;

 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 cap->oap->use_reg_one = true;
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;

 CLEAR_FIELD(sia);
 int i = do_search(cap->oap, dir, dir, pat, patlen, cap->count1,
                   opt | SEARCH_OPT | SEARCH_ECHO | SEARCH_MSG, &sia);
 if (wrapped != NULL) {
   *wrapped = sia.sa_wrapped;
 }
 if (i == 0) {
   clearop(cap->oap);
 } else {
   if (i == 2) {
     cap->oap->motion_type = kMTLineWise;
   }
   curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
   if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP && (fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagSearch) && KeyTyped) {
     foldOpenCursor();
   }
 }
 // Redraw the window to refresh the highlighted matches.
 if (!equalpos(curwin->w_cursor, prev_cursor) && p_hls && !no_hlsearch
     && win_hl_attr(curwin, HLF_LC) != win_hl_attr(curwin, HLF_L)) {
   redraw_later(curwin, UPD_SOME_VALID);
 }

 // "/$" will put the cursor after the end of the line, may need to
 // correct that here
 check_cursor(curwin);

 return i;
}

/// Character search commands.
/// cap->arg is BACKWARD for 'F' and 'T', FORWARD for 'f' and 't', true for
/// ',' and false for ';'.
/// cap->nchar is NUL for ',' and ';' (repeat the search)
static void nv_csearch(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 bool cursor_dec = false;

 // If adjusted cursor position previously, unadjust it.
 if (*p_sel == 'e' && VIsual_active && VIsual_mode == 'v'
     && VIsual_select_exclu_adj) {
   unadjust_for_sel();
   cursor_dec = true;
 }

 bool t_cmd = cap->cmdchar == 't' || cap->cmdchar == 'T';

 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 if (IS_SPECIAL(cap->nchar) || searchc(cap, t_cmd) == false) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   // Revert unadjust when failed.
   if (cursor_dec) {
     adjust_for_sel(cap);
   }
   return;
 }

 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
 // Include a Tab for "tx" and for "dfx".
 if (gchar_cursor() == TAB && virtual_active(curwin) && cap->arg == FORWARD
     && (t_cmd || cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP)) {
   colnr_T scol, ecol;

   getvcol(curwin, &curwin->w_cursor, &scol, NULL, &ecol);
   curwin->w_cursor.coladd = ecol - scol;
 } else {
   curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
 }
 adjust_for_sel(cap);
 if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagHor) && KeyTyped && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// "[{", "[(", "]}" or "])": go to Nth unclosed '{', '(', '}' or ')'
/// "[#", "]#": go to start/end of Nth innermost #if..#endif construct.
/// "[/", "[*", "]/", "]*": go to Nth comment start/end.
/// "[m" or "]m" search for prev/next start of (Java) method.
/// "[M" or "]M" search for prev/next end of (Java) method.
static void nv_bracket_block(cmdarg_T *cap, const pos_T *old_pos)
{
 pos_T new_pos = { 0, 0, 0 };
 pos_T *pos = NULL;  // init for GCC
 pos_T prev_pos;
 int n;
 int findc;

 if (cap->nchar == '*') {
   cap->nchar = '/';
 }
 prev_pos.lnum = 0;
 if (cap->nchar == 'm' || cap->nchar == 'M') {
   if (cap->cmdchar == '[') {
     findc = '{';
   } else {
     findc = '}';
   }
   n = 9999;
 } else {
   findc = cap->nchar;
   n = cap->count1;
 }
 for (; n > 0; n--) {
   if ((pos = findmatchlimit(cap->oap, findc,
                             (cap->cmdchar == '[') ? FM_BACKWARD : FM_FORWARD, 0)) == NULL) {
     if (new_pos.lnum == 0) {        // nothing found
       if (cap->nchar != 'm' && cap->nchar != 'M') {
         clearopbeep(cap->oap);
       }
     } else {
       pos = &new_pos;               // use last one found
     }
     break;
   }
   prev_pos = new_pos;
   curwin->w_cursor = *pos;
   new_pos = *pos;
 }
 curwin->w_cursor = *old_pos;

 // Handle "[m", "]m", "[M" and "[M".  The findmatchlimit() only
 // brought us to the match for "[m" and "]M" when inside a method.
 // Try finding the '{' or '}' we want to be at.
 // Also repeat for the given count.
 if (cap->nchar == 'm' || cap->nchar == 'M') {
   int c;
   // norm is true for "]M" and "[m"
   bool norm = ((findc == '{') == (cap->nchar == 'm'));

   n = cap->count1;
   // found a match: we were inside a method
   if (prev_pos.lnum != 0) {
     pos = &prev_pos;
     curwin->w_cursor = prev_pos;
     if (norm) {
       n--;
     }
   } else {
     pos = NULL;
   }
   while (n > 0) {
     while (true) {
       if ((findc == '{' ? dec_cursor() : inc_cursor()) < 0) {
         // if not found anything, that's an error
         if (pos == NULL) {
           clearopbeep(cap->oap);
         }
         n = 0;
         break;
       }
       c = gchar_cursor();
       if (c == '{' || c == '}') {
         // Must have found end/start of class: use it.
         // Or found the place to be at.
         if ((c == findc && norm) || (n == 1 && !norm)) {
           new_pos = curwin->w_cursor;
           pos = &new_pos;
           n = 0;
         } else if (new_pos.lnum == 0) {
           // if no match found at all, we started outside of the
           // class and we're inside now.  Just go on.
           new_pos = curwin->w_cursor;
           pos = &new_pos;
         } else if ((pos = findmatchlimit(cap->oap, findc,
                                          (cap->cmdchar == '[') ? FM_BACKWARD : FM_FORWARD,
                                          0)) == NULL) {
           // found start/end of other method: go to match
           n = 0;
         } else {
           curwin->w_cursor = *pos;
         }
         break;
       }
     }
     n--;
   }
   curwin->w_cursor = *old_pos;
   if (pos == NULL && new_pos.lnum != 0) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   }
 }
 if (pos != NULL) {
   setpcmark();
   curwin->w_cursor = *pos;
   curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
   if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagBlock) && KeyTyped
       && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
     foldOpenCursor();
   }
 }
}

/// "[" and "]" commands.
/// cap->arg is BACKWARD for "[" and FORWARD for "]".
static void nv_brackets(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 int flag;
 int n;

 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 pos_T old_pos = curwin->w_cursor;         // cursor position before command
 curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;              // TODO(Unknown): don't do this for an error.

 // "[f" or "]f" : Edit file under the cursor (same as "gf")
 if (cap->nchar == 'f') {
   nv_gotofile(cap);
 } else if (vim_strchr("iI\011dD\004", cap->nchar) != NULL) {
   // Find the occurrence(s) of the identifier or define under cursor
   // in current and included files or jump to the first occurrence.
   //
   //                    search       list           jump
   //                  fwd   bwd    fwd   bwd     fwd    bwd
   // identifier       "]i"  "[i"   "]I"  "[I"   "]^I"  "[^I"
   // define           "]d"  "[d"   "]D"  "[D"   "]^D"  "[^D"
   char *ptr;
   size_t len;

   if ((len = find_ident_under_cursor(&ptr, FIND_IDENT)) == 0) {
     clearop(cap->oap);
   } else {
     // Make a copy, if the line was changed it will be freed.
     ptr = xmemdupz(ptr, len);
     find_pattern_in_path(ptr, 0, len, true,
                          cap->count0 == 0 ? !isupper(cap->nchar) : false,
                          (((cap->nchar & 0xf) == ('d' & 0xf))
                           ? FIND_DEFINE
                           : FIND_ANY),
                          cap->count1,
                          (isupper(cap->nchar) ? ACTION_SHOW_ALL
                                               : islower(cap->nchar) ? ACTION_SHOW
                                                                     : ACTION_GOTO),
                          (cap->cmdchar == ']'
                           ? curwin->w_cursor.lnum + 1
                           : 1),
                          MAXLNUM,
                          false, false);
     xfree(ptr);
     curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
   }
 } else if ((cap->cmdchar == '[' && vim_strchr("{(*/#mM", cap->nchar) != NULL)
            || (cap->cmdchar == ']' && vim_strchr("})*/#mM", cap->nchar) != NULL)) {
   // "[{", "[(", "]}" or "])": go to Nth unclosed '{', '(', '}' or ')'
   // "[#", "]#": go to start/end of Nth innermost #if..#endif construct.
   // "[/", "[*", "]/", "]*": go to Nth comment start/end.
   // "[m" or "]m" search for prev/next start of (Java) method.
   // "[M" or "]M" search for prev/next end of (Java) method.
   nv_bracket_block(cap, &old_pos);
 } else if (cap->nchar == '[' || cap->nchar == ']') {
   // "[[", "[]", "]]" and "][": move to start or end of function
   if (cap->nchar == cap->cmdchar) {               // "]]" or "[["
     flag = '{';
   } else {
     flag = '}';                   // "][" or "[]"
   }
   curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
   // Imitate strange Vi behaviour: When using "]]" with an operator we also stop at '}'.
   if (!findpar(&cap->oap->inclusive, cap->arg, cap->count1, flag,
                (cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP
                 && cap->arg == FORWARD && flag == '{'))) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   } else {
     if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
       beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
     }
     if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagBlock) && KeyTyped && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
       foldOpenCursor();
     }
   }
 } else if (cap->nchar == 'p' || cap->nchar == 'P') {
   // "[p", "[P", "]P" and "]p": put with indent adjustment
   nv_put_opt(cap, true);
 } else if (cap->nchar == '\'' || cap->nchar == '`') {
   // "['", "[`", "]'" and "]`": jump to next mark
   fmark_T *fm = pos_to_mark(curbuf, NULL, curwin->w_cursor);
   assert(fm != NULL);
   fmark_T *prev_fm;
   for (n = cap->count1; n > 0; n--) {
     prev_fm = fm;
     fm = getnextmark(&fm->mark, cap->cmdchar == '[' ? BACKWARD : FORWARD,
                      cap->nchar == '\'');
     if (fm == NULL) {
       break;
     }
   }
   if (fm == NULL) {
     fm = prev_fm;
   }
   MarkMove flags = kMarkContext;
   flags |= cap->nchar == '\'' ? kMarkBeginLine : 0;
   nv_mark_move_to(cap, flags, fm);
 } else if (cap->nchar >= K_RIGHTRELEASE && cap->nchar <= K_LEFTMOUSE) {
   // [ or ] followed by a middle mouse click: put selected text with
   // indent adjustment.  Any other button just does as usual.
   do_mouse(cap->oap, cap->nchar,
            (cap->cmdchar == ']') ? FORWARD : BACKWARD,
            cap->count1, PUT_FIXINDENT);
 } else if (cap->nchar == 'z') {
   // "[z" and "]z": move to start or end of open fold.
   if (foldMoveTo(false, cap->cmdchar == ']' ? FORWARD : BACKWARD,
                  cap->count1) == false) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   }
 } else if (cap->nchar == 'c') {
   // "[c" and "]c": move to next or previous diff-change.
   if (diff_move_to(cap->cmdchar == ']' ? FORWARD : BACKWARD,
                    cap->count1) == false) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   }
 } else if (cap->nchar == 'r' || cap->nchar == 's' || cap->nchar == 'S') {
   // "[r", "[s", "[S", "]r", "]s" and "]S": move to next spell error.
   setpcmark();
   for (n = 0; n < cap->count1; n++) {
     if (spell_move_to(curwin, cap->cmdchar == ']' ? FORWARD : BACKWARD,
                       cap->nchar == 's'
                       ? SMT_ALL
                       : cap->nchar == 'r' ? SMT_RARE : SMT_BAD,
                       false, NULL) == 0) {
       clearopbeep(cap->oap);
       break;
     }
     curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
   }
   if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP && (fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagSearch) && KeyTyped) {
     foldOpenCursor();
   }
 } else {
   // Not a valid cap->nchar.
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 }
}

/// Handle Normal mode "%" command.
static void nv_percent(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 linenr_T lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;

 cap->oap->inclusive = true;
 if (cap->count0) {  // {cnt}% : goto {cnt} percentage in file
   if (cap->count0 > 100) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   } else {
     cap->oap->motion_type = kMTLineWise;
     setpcmark();
     // Round up, so 'normal 100%' always jumps at the line line.
     // Beyond 21474836 lines, (ml_line_count * 100 + 99) would
     // overflow on 32-bits, so use a formula with less accuracy
     // to avoid overflows.
     if (curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count >= 21474836) {
       curwin->w_cursor.lnum = (curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count + 99)
                               / 100 * cap->count0;
     } else {
       curwin->w_cursor.lnum = (curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count *
                                cap->count0 + 99) / 100;
     }
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = MIN(MAX(curwin->w_cursor.lnum, 1), curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count);

     beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
   }
 } else {  // "%" : go to matching paren
   pos_T *pos;
   cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
   cap->oap->use_reg_one = true;
   if ((pos = findmatch(cap->oap, NUL)) == NULL) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   } else {
     setpcmark();
     curwin->w_cursor = *pos;
     curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
     curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
     adjust_for_sel(cap);
   }
 }
 if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP
     && lnum != curwin->w_cursor.lnum
     && (fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagPercent)
     && KeyTyped) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// Handle "(" and ")" commands.
/// cap->arg is BACKWARD for "(" and FORWARD for ")".
static void nv_brace(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->use_reg_one = true;
 // The motion used to be inclusive for "(", but that is not what Vi does.
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;

 if (findsent(cap->arg, cap->count1) == FAIL) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   return;
 }

 // Don't leave the cursor on the NUL past end of line.
 adjust_cursor(cap->oap);
 curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
 if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagBlock) && KeyTyped && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// "m" command: Mark a position.
static void nv_mark(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 if (setmark(cap->nchar) == false) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 }
}

/// "{" and "}" commands.
/// cmd->arg is BACKWARD for "{" and FORWARD for "}".
static void nv_findpar(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 cap->oap->use_reg_one = true;
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
 if (!findpar(&cap->oap->inclusive, cap->arg, cap->count1, NUL, false)) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   return;
 }

 curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
 if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagBlock) && KeyTyped && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// "u" command: Undo or make lower case.
static void nv_undo(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_LOWER
     || VIsual_active) {
   // translate "<Visual>u" to "<Visual>gu" and "guu" to "gugu"
   cap->cmdchar = 'g';
   cap->nchar = 'u';
   nv_operator(cap);
 } else {
   nv_kundo(cap);
 }
}

/// <Undo> command.
static void nv_kundo(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 u_undo(cap->count1);
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
}

/// Handle the "r" command.
static void nv_replace(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 int had_ctrl_v;

 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }
 if (bt_prompt(curbuf) && !prompt_curpos_editable()) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   return;
 }

 // get another character
 if (cap->nchar == Ctrl_V || cap->nchar == Ctrl_Q) {
   had_ctrl_v = Ctrl_V;
   cap->nchar = get_literal(false);
   // Don't redo a multibyte character with CTRL-V.
   if (cap->nchar > DEL) {
     had_ctrl_v = NUL;
   }
 } else {
   had_ctrl_v = NUL;
 }

 // Abort if the character is a special key.
 if (IS_SPECIAL(cap->nchar)) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   return;
 }

 // Visual mode "r"
 if (VIsual_active) {
   if (got_int) {
     got_int = false;
   }
   if (had_ctrl_v) {
     // Use a special (negative) number to make a difference between a
     // literal CR or NL and a line break.
     if (cap->nchar == CAR) {
       cap->nchar = REPLACE_CR_NCHAR;
     } else if (cap->nchar == NL) {
       cap->nchar = REPLACE_NL_NCHAR;
     }
   }
   nv_operator(cap);
   return;
 }

 // Break tabs, etc.
 if (virtual_active(curwin)) {
   if (u_save_cursor() == false) {
     return;
   }
   if (gchar_cursor() == NUL) {
     // Add extra space and put the cursor on the first one.
     coladvance_force((colnr_T)(getviscol() + cap->count1));
     assert(cap->count1 <= INT_MAX);
     curwin->w_cursor.col -= (colnr_T)cap->count1;
   } else if (gchar_cursor() == TAB) {
     coladvance_force(getviscol());
   }
 }

 // Abort if not enough characters to replace.
 if ((size_t)get_cursor_pos_len() < (unsigned)cap->count1
     || (mb_charlen(get_cursor_pos_ptr()) < cap->count1)) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   return;
 }

 // Replacing with a TAB is done by edit() when it is complicated because
 // 'expandtab' or 'smarttab' is set.  CTRL-V TAB inserts a literal TAB.
 // Other characters are done below to avoid problems with things like
 // CTRL-V 048 (for edit() this would be R CTRL-V 0 ESC).
 if (had_ctrl_v != Ctrl_V && cap->nchar == '\t' && (curbuf->b_p_et || p_sta)) {
   stuffnumReadbuff(cap->count1);
   stuffcharReadbuff('R');
   stuffcharReadbuff('\t');
   stuffcharReadbuff(ESC);
   return;
 }

 // save line for undo
 if (u_save_cursor() == false) {
   return;
 }

 if (had_ctrl_v != Ctrl_V && (cap->nchar == '\r' || cap->nchar == '\n')) {
   // Replace character(s) by a single newline.
   // Strange vi behaviour: Only one newline is inserted.
   // Delete the characters here.
   // Insert the newline with an insert command, takes care of
   // autoindent.      The insert command depends on being on the last
   // character of a line or not.
   del_chars(cap->count1, false);        // delete the characters
   stuffcharReadbuff('\r');
   stuffcharReadbuff(ESC);

   // Give 'r' to edit(), to get the redo command right.
   invoke_edit(cap, true, 'r', false);
 } else {
   prep_redo(cap->oap->regname, cap->count1, NUL, 'r', NUL, had_ctrl_v, 0);

   curbuf->b_op_start = curwin->w_cursor;
   const int old_State = State;

   if (cap->nchar_len > 0) {
     AppendToRedobuff(cap->nchar_composing);
   } else {
     AppendCharToRedobuff(cap->nchar);
   }

   // This is slow, but it handles replacing a single-byte with a
   // multi-byte and the other way around.  Also handles adding
   // composing characters for utf-8.
   for (int n = cap->count1; n > 0; n--) {
     State = MODE_REPLACE;
     if (cap->nchar == Ctrl_E || cap->nchar == Ctrl_Y) {
       int c = ins_copychar(curwin->w_cursor.lnum
                            + (cap->nchar == Ctrl_Y ? -1 : 1));
       if (c != NUL) {
         ins_char(c);
       } else {
         // will be decremented further down
         curwin->w_cursor.col++;
       }
     } else {
       if (cap->nchar_len) {
         ins_char_bytes(cap->nchar_composing, (size_t)cap->nchar_len);
       } else {
         ins_char(cap->nchar);
       }
     }
     State = old_State;
   }
   curwin->w_cursor.col--;         // cursor on the last replaced char
   // if the character on the left of the current cursor is a multi-byte
   // character, move two characters left
   mb_adjust_cursor();
   curbuf->b_op_end = curwin->w_cursor;
   curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
   set_last_insert(cap->nchar);
 }

 foldUpdateAfterInsert();
}

/// 'o': Exchange start and end of Visual area.
/// 'O': same, but in block mode exchange left and right corners.
static void v_swap_corners(int cmdchar)
{
 colnr_T left, right;

 if (cmdchar == 'O' && VIsual_mode == Ctrl_V) {
   pos_T old_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
   getvcols(curwin, &old_cursor, &VIsual, &left, &right);
   curwin->w_cursor.lnum = VIsual.lnum;
   coladvance(curwin, left);
   VIsual = curwin->w_cursor;

   curwin->w_cursor.lnum = old_cursor.lnum;
   curwin->w_curswant = right;
   // 'selection "exclusive" and cursor at right-bottom corner: move it
   // right one column
   if (old_cursor.lnum >= VIsual.lnum && *p_sel == 'e') {
     curwin->w_curswant++;
   }
   coladvance(curwin, curwin->w_curswant);
   if (curwin->w_cursor.col == old_cursor.col
       && (!virtual_active(curwin)
           || curwin->w_cursor.coladd ==
           old_cursor.coladd)) {
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = VIsual.lnum;
     if (old_cursor.lnum <= VIsual.lnum && *p_sel == 'e') {
       right++;
     }
     coladvance(curwin, right);
     VIsual = curwin->w_cursor;

     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = old_cursor.lnum;
     coladvance(curwin, left);
     curwin->w_curswant = left;
   }
 } else {
   pos_T old_cursor = curwin->w_cursor;
   curwin->w_cursor = VIsual;
   VIsual = old_cursor;
   curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
 }
}

/// "R" (cap->arg is false) and "gR" (cap->arg is true).
static void nv_Replace(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (VIsual_active) {          // "R" is replace lines
   cap->cmdchar = 'c';
   cap->nchar = NUL;
   VIsual_mode_orig = VIsual_mode;     // remember original area for gv
   VIsual_mode = 'V';
   nv_operator(cap);
   return;
 }

 if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 if (!MODIFIABLE(curbuf)) {
   emsg(_(e_modifiable));
 } else {
   if (virtual_active(curwin)) {
     coladvance(curwin, getviscol());
   }
   invoke_edit(cap, false, cap->arg ? 'V' : 'R', false);
 }
}

/// "gr".
static void nv_vreplace(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (VIsual_active) {
   cap->cmdchar = 'r';
   cap->nchar = cap->extra_char;
   nv_replace(cap);            // Do same as "r" in Visual mode for now
   return;
 }

 if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 if (!MODIFIABLE(curbuf)) {
   emsg(_(e_modifiable));
 } else {
   if (cap->extra_char == Ctrl_V || cap->extra_char == Ctrl_Q) {
     // get another character
     cap->extra_char = get_literal(false);
   }
   if (cap->extra_char < ' ') {
     // Prefix a control character with CTRL-V to avoid it being used as
     // a command.
     stuffcharReadbuff(Ctrl_V);
   }
   stuffcharReadbuff(cap->extra_char);
   stuffcharReadbuff(ESC);
   if (virtual_active(curwin)) {
     coladvance(curwin, getviscol());
   }
   invoke_edit(cap, true, 'v', false);
 }
}

/// Swap case for "~" command, when it does not work like an operator.
static void n_swapchar(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 bool did_change = false;

 if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 if (LINEEMPTY(curwin->w_cursor.lnum) && vim_strchr(p_ww, '~') == NULL) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   return;
 }

 prep_redo_cmd(cap);

 if (u_save_cursor() == false) {
   return;
 }

 pos_T startpos = curwin->w_cursor;
 for (int n = cap->count1; n > 0; n--) {
   did_change |= swapchar(cap->oap->op_type, &curwin->w_cursor);
   inc_cursor();
   if (gchar_cursor() == NUL) {
     if (vim_strchr(p_ww, '~') != NULL
         && curwin->w_cursor.lnum < curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count) {
       curwin->w_cursor.lnum++;
       curwin->w_cursor.col = 0;
       if (n > 1) {
         if (u_savesub(curwin->w_cursor.lnum) == false) {
           break;
         }
         u_clearline(curbuf);
       }
     } else {
       break;
     }
   }
 }

 check_cursor(curwin);
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
 if (did_change) {
   changed_lines(curbuf, startpos.lnum, startpos.col, curwin->w_cursor.lnum + 1,
                 0, true);
   curbuf->b_op_start = startpos;
   curbuf->b_op_end = curwin->w_cursor;
   if (curbuf->b_op_end.col > 0) {
     curbuf->b_op_end.col--;
   }
 }
}

/// Move the cursor to the mark position
///
/// Wrapper to mark_move_to() that also handles normal mode command arguments.
/// @note  It will switch the buffer if neccesarry, move the cursor and set the
/// view depending on the given flags.
/// @param cap  command line arguments
/// @param flags for mark_move_to()
/// @param mark  mark
/// @return  The result of calling mark_move_to()
static MarkMoveRes nv_mark_move_to(cmdarg_T *cap, MarkMove flags, fmark_T *fm)
{
 MarkMoveRes res = mark_move_to(fm, flags);
 if (res & kMarkMoveFailed) {
   clearop(cap->oap);
 }
 cap->oap->motion_type = flags & kMarkBeginLine ? kMTLineWise : kMTCharWise;
 if (cap->cmdchar == '`') {
   cap->oap->use_reg_one = true;
 }
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;  // ignored if not kMTCharWise
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
 return res;
}

/// Handle commands that are operators in Visual mode.
static void v_visop(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 static char trans[] = "YyDdCcxdXdAAIIrr";

 // Uppercase means linewise, except in block mode, then "D" deletes till
 // the end of the line, and "C" replaces till EOL
 if (isupper(cap->cmdchar)) {
   if (VIsual_mode != Ctrl_V) {
     VIsual_mode_orig = VIsual_mode;
     VIsual_mode = 'V';
   } else if (cap->cmdchar == 'C' || cap->cmdchar == 'D') {
     curwin->w_curswant = MAXCOL;
   }
 }
 cap->cmdchar = (uint8_t)(*(vim_strchr(trans, cap->cmdchar) + 1));
 nv_operator(cap);
}

/// "s" and "S" commands.
static void nv_subst(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (bt_prompt(curbuf) && !prompt_curpos_editable()) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   return;
 }
 if (VIsual_active) {  // "vs" and "vS" are the same as "vc"
   if (cap->cmdchar == 'S') {
     VIsual_mode_orig = VIsual_mode;
     VIsual_mode = 'V';
   }
   cap->cmdchar = 'c';
   nv_operator(cap);
 } else {
   nv_optrans(cap);
 }
}

/// Abbreviated commands.
static void nv_abbrev(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (cap->cmdchar == K_DEL || cap->cmdchar == K_KDEL) {
   cap->cmdchar = 'x';                 // DEL key behaves like 'x'
 }
 // in Visual mode these commands are operators
 if (VIsual_active) {
   v_visop(cap);
 } else {
   nv_optrans(cap);
 }
}

/// Translate a command into another command.
static void nv_optrans(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 static const char *(ar[]) = { "dl", "dh", "d$", "c$", "cl", "cc", "yy",
                               ":s\r" };
 static const char *str = "xXDCsSY&";

 if (!checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   if (cap->count0) {
     stuffnumReadbuff(cap->count0);
   }
   stuffReadbuff(ar[strchr(str, (char)cap->cmdchar) - str]);
 }
 cap->opcount = 0;
}

/// "'" and "`" commands.  Also for "g'" and "g`".
/// cap->arg is true for "'" and "g'".
static void nv_gomark(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 int name;
 MarkMove flags = jop_flags & kOptJopFlagView ? kMarkSetView : 0;  // flags for moving to the mark
 if (cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP) {
   // When there is a pending operator, do not restore the view as this is usually unexpected.
   flags = 0;
 }
 MarkMoveRes move_res = 0;  // Result from moving to the mark
 const bool old_KeyTyped = KeyTyped;  // getting file may reset it

 if (cap->cmdchar == 'g') {
   name = cap->extra_char;
   flags |= KMarkNoContext;
 } else {
   name = cap->nchar;
   flags |= kMarkContext;
 }
 flags |= cap->arg ? kMarkBeginLine : 0;
 flags |= cap->count0 ? kMarkSetView : 0;

 fmark_T *fm = mark_get(curbuf, curwin, NULL, kMarkAll, name);
 move_res = nv_mark_move_to(cap, flags, fm);

 // May need to clear the coladd that a mark includes.
 if (!virtual_active(curwin)) {
   curwin->w_cursor.coladd = 0;
 }

 if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP
     && move_res & kMarkMoveSuccess
     && (move_res & kMarkSwitchedBuf || move_res & kMarkChangedCursor)
     && (fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagMark)
     && old_KeyTyped) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// Handle CTRL-O, CTRL-I, "g;", "g,", and "CTRL-Tab" commands.
/// Movement in the jumplist and changelist.
static void nv_pcmark(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 fmark_T *fm = NULL;
 MarkMove flags = jop_flags & kOptJopFlagView ? kMarkSetView : 0;  // flags for moving to the mark
 MarkMoveRes move_res = 0;  // Result from moving to the mark
 const bool old_KeyTyped = KeyTyped;  // getting file may reset it.

 if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 if (cap->cmdchar == TAB && mod_mask == MOD_MASK_CTRL) {
   if (!goto_tabpage_lastused()) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   }
   return;
 }

 if (cap->cmdchar == 'g') {
   fm = get_changelist(curbuf, curwin, cap->count1);
 } else {
   fm = get_jumplist(curwin, cap->count1);
   flags |= KMarkNoContext | kMarkJumpList;
 }
 // Changelist and jumplist have their own error messages. Therefore avoid
 // calling nv_mark_move_to() when not found to avoid incorrect error
 // messages.
 if (fm != NULL) {
   move_res = nv_mark_move_to(cap, flags, fm);
 } else if (cap->cmdchar == 'g') {
   if (curbuf->b_changelistlen == 0) {
     emsg(_(e_changelist_is_empty));
   } else if (cap->count1 < 0) {
     emsg(_("E662: At start of changelist"));
   } else {
     emsg(_("E663: At end of changelist"));
   }
 } else {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 }
 if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP
     && (move_res & kMarkSwitchedBuf || move_res & kMarkChangedLine)
     && (fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagMark)
     && old_KeyTyped) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// Handle '"' command.
static void nv_regname(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }
 if (cap->nchar == '=') {
   cap->nchar = get_expr_register();
 }
 if (cap->nchar != NUL && valid_yank_reg(cap->nchar, false)) {
   cap->oap->regname = cap->nchar;
   cap->opcount = cap->count0;         // remember count before '"'
   set_reg_var(cap->oap->regname);
 } else {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 }
}

/// Handle "v", "V" and "CTRL-V" commands.
/// Also for "gh", "gH" and "g^H" commands: Always start Select mode, cap->arg
/// is true.
/// Handle CTRL-Q just like CTRL-V.
static void nv_visual(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (cap->cmdchar == Ctrl_Q) {
   cap->cmdchar = Ctrl_V;
 }

 // 'v', 'V' and CTRL-V can be used while an operator is pending to make it
 // charwise, linewise, or blockwise.
 if (cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP) {
   motion_force = cap->oap->motion_force = cap->cmdchar;
   finish_op = false;          // operator doesn't finish now but later
   return;
 }

 VIsual_select = cap->arg;
 if (VIsual_active) {      // change Visual mode
   if (VIsual_mode == cap->cmdchar) {      // stop visual mode
     end_visual_mode();
   } else {                                  // toggle char/block mode
                                             //           or char/line mode
     VIsual_mode = cap->cmdchar;
     showmode();
     may_trigger_modechanged();
   }
   redraw_curbuf_later(UPD_INVERTED);  // update the inversion
 } else {                // start Visual mode
   if (cap->count0 > 0 && resel_VIsual_mode != NUL) {
     // use previously selected part
     VIsual = curwin->w_cursor;

     VIsual_active = true;
     VIsual_reselect = true;
     if (!cap->arg) {
       // start Select mode when 'selectmode' contains "cmd"
       may_start_select('c');
     }
     setmouse();
     if (p_smd && msg_silent == 0) {
       redraw_cmdline = true;              // show visual mode later
     }
     // For V and ^V, we multiply the number of lines even if there
     // was only one -- webb
     if (resel_VIsual_mode != 'v' || resel_VIsual_line_count > 1) {
       curwin->w_cursor.lnum += resel_VIsual_line_count * cap->count0 - 1;
       check_cursor(curwin);
     }
     VIsual_mode = resel_VIsual_mode;
     if (VIsual_mode == 'v') {
       if (resel_VIsual_line_count <= 1) {
         update_curswant_force();
         assert(cap->count0 >= INT_MIN && cap->count0 <= INT_MAX);
         curwin->w_curswant += resel_VIsual_vcol * cap->count0;
         if (*p_sel != 'e') {
           curwin->w_curswant--;
         }
       } else {
         curwin->w_curswant = resel_VIsual_vcol;
       }
       coladvance(curwin, curwin->w_curswant);
     }
     if (resel_VIsual_vcol == MAXCOL) {
       curwin->w_curswant = MAXCOL;
       coladvance(curwin, MAXCOL);
     } else if (VIsual_mode == Ctrl_V) {
       // Update curswant on the original line, that is where "col" is valid.
       linenr_T lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
       curwin->w_cursor.lnum = VIsual.lnum;
       update_curswant_force();
       assert(cap->count0 >= INT_MIN && cap->count0 <= INT_MAX);
       curwin->w_curswant += resel_VIsual_vcol * cap->count0 - 1;
       curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
       if (*p_sel == 'e') {
         curwin->w_curswant++;
       }
       coladvance(curwin, curwin->w_curswant);
     } else {
       curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
     }
     redraw_curbuf_later(UPD_INVERTED);  // show the inversion
   } else {
     if (!cap->arg) {
       // start Select mode when 'selectmode' contains "cmd"
       may_start_select('c');
     }
     n_start_visual_mode(cap->cmdchar);
     if (VIsual_mode != 'V' && *p_sel == 'e') {
       cap->count1++;          // include one more char
     } else {
       VIsual_select_exclu_adj = false;
     }
     if (cap->count0 > 0 && --cap->count1 > 0) {
       // With a count select that many characters or lines.
       if (VIsual_mode == 'v' || VIsual_mode == Ctrl_V) {
         nv_right(cap);
       } else if (VIsual_mode == 'V') {
         nv_down(cap);
       }
     }
   }
 }
}

/// Start selection for Shift-movement keys.
void start_selection(void)
{
 // if 'selectmode' contains "key", start Select mode
 may_start_select('k');
 n_start_visual_mode('v');
}

/// Start Select mode, if "c" is in 'selectmode' and not in a mapping or menu.
/// When "c" is 'o' (checking for "mouse") then also when mapped.
void may_start_select(int c)
{
 VIsual_select = (c == 'o' || (stuff_empty() && typebuf_typed()))
                 && vim_strchr(p_slm, c) != NULL;
}

/// Start Visual mode "c".
/// Should set VIsual_select before calling this.
static void n_start_visual_mode(int c)
{
 VIsual_mode = c;
 VIsual_active = true;
 VIsual_reselect = true;
 // Corner case: the 0 position in a tab may change when going into
 // virtualedit.  Recalculate curwin->w_cursor to avoid bad highlighting.
 //
 if (c == Ctrl_V && (get_ve_flags(curwin) & kOptVeFlagBlock) && gchar_cursor() == TAB) {
   validate_virtcol(curwin);
   coladvance(curwin, curwin->w_virtcol);
 }
 VIsual = curwin->w_cursor;

 foldAdjustVisual();

 may_trigger_modechanged();
 setmouse();
 // Check for redraw after changing the state.
 conceal_check_cursor_line();

 if (p_smd && msg_silent == 0) {
   redraw_cmdline = true;      // show visual mode later
 }
 // Only need to redraw this line, unless still need to redraw an old
 // Visual area (when 'lazyredraw' is set).
 if (curwin->w_redr_type < UPD_INVERTED) {
   curwin->w_old_cursor_lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
   curwin->w_old_visual_lnum = curwin->w_cursor.lnum;
 }
 redraw_curbuf_later(UPD_VALID);
}

/// CTRL-W: Window commands
static void nv_window(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (cap->nchar == ':') {
   // "CTRL-W :" is the same as typing ":"; useful in a terminal window
   cap->cmdchar = ':';
   cap->nchar = NUL;
   nv_colon(cap);
 } else if (!checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   do_window(cap->nchar, cap->count0, NUL);  // everything is in window.c
 }
}

/// CTRL-Z: Suspend
static void nv_suspend(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 clearop(cap->oap);
 if (VIsual_active) {
   end_visual_mode();                  // stop Visual mode
 }
 do_cmdline_cmd("st");
}

/// "gv": Reselect the previous Visual area.  If Visual already active,
///       exchange previous and current Visual area.
static void nv_gv_cmd(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (curbuf->b_visual.vi_start.lnum == 0
     || curbuf->b_visual.vi_start.lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count
     || curbuf->b_visual.vi_end.lnum == 0) {
   beep_flush();
   return;
 }

 pos_T tpos;
 // set w_cursor to the start of the Visual area, tpos to the end
 if (VIsual_active) {
   int i = VIsual_mode;
   VIsual_mode = curbuf->b_visual.vi_mode;
   curbuf->b_visual.vi_mode = i;
   curbuf->b_visual_mode_eval = i;
   i = curwin->w_curswant;
   curwin->w_curswant = curbuf->b_visual.vi_curswant;
   curbuf->b_visual.vi_curswant = i;

   tpos = curbuf->b_visual.vi_end;
   curbuf->b_visual.vi_end = curwin->w_cursor;
   curwin->w_cursor = curbuf->b_visual.vi_start;
   curbuf->b_visual.vi_start = VIsual;
 } else {
   VIsual_mode = curbuf->b_visual.vi_mode;
   curwin->w_curswant = curbuf->b_visual.vi_curswant;
   tpos = curbuf->b_visual.vi_end;
   curwin->w_cursor = curbuf->b_visual.vi_start;
 }

 VIsual_active = true;
 VIsual_reselect = true;

 // Set Visual to the start and w_cursor to the end of the Visual
 // area.  Make sure they are on an existing character.
 check_cursor(curwin);
 VIsual = curwin->w_cursor;
 curwin->w_cursor = tpos;
 check_cursor(curwin);
 update_topline(curwin);

 // When called from normal "g" command: start Select mode when
 // 'selectmode' contains "cmd".  When called for K_SELECT, always
 // start Select mode.
 if (cap->arg) {
   VIsual_select = true;
   VIsual_select_reg = 0;
 } else {
   may_start_select('c');
 }
 setmouse();
 redraw_curbuf_later(UPD_INVERTED);
 showmode();
}

/// "g0", "g^" : Like "0" and "^" but for screen lines.
/// "gm": middle of "g0" and "g$".
void nv_g_home_m_cmd(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 int i;
 const bool flag = cap->nchar == '^';

 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 if (curwin->w_p_wrap && curwin->w_view_width != 0) {
   int width1 = curwin->w_view_width - win_col_off(curwin);
   int width2 = width1 + win_col_off2(curwin);

   validate_virtcol(curwin);
   i = 0;
   if (curwin->w_virtcol >= (colnr_T)width1 && width2 > 0) {
     i = (curwin->w_virtcol - width1) / width2 * width2 + width1;
   }

   // When ending up below 'smoothscroll' marker, move just beyond it so
   // that skipcol is not adjusted later.
   if (curwin->w_skipcol > 0 && curwin->w_cursor.lnum == curwin->w_topline) {
     int overlap = sms_marker_overlap(curwin, curwin->w_view_width - width2);
     if (overlap > 0 && i == curwin->w_skipcol) {
       i += overlap;
     }
   }
 } else {
   i = curwin->w_leftcol;
 }
 // Go to the middle of the screen line.  When 'number' or
 // 'relativenumber' is on and lines are wrapping the middle can be more
 // to the left.
 if (cap->nchar == 'm') {
   i += (curwin->w_view_width - win_col_off(curwin)
         + ((curwin->w_p_wrap && i > 0) ? win_col_off2(curwin) : 0)) / 2;
 }
 coladvance(curwin, (colnr_T)i);
 if (flag) {
   do {
     i = gchar_cursor();
   } while (ascii_iswhite(i) && oneright() == OK);
   curwin->w_valid &= ~VALID_WCOL;
 }
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
 if (hasAnyFolding(curwin)) {
   validate_cheight(curwin);
   if (curwin->w_cline_folded) {
     update_curswant_force();
   }
 }
 adjust_skipcol();
}

/// "g_": to the last non-blank character in the line or <count> lines downward.
static void nv_g_underscore_cmd(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = true;
 curwin->w_curswant = MAXCOL;
 if (cursor_down(cap->count1 - 1, cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) == false) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   return;
 }

 char *ptr = get_cursor_line_ptr();

 // In Visual mode we may end up after the line.
 if (curwin->w_cursor.col > 0 && ptr[curwin->w_cursor.col] == NUL) {
   curwin->w_cursor.col--;
 }

 // Decrease the cursor column until it's on a non-blank.
 while (curwin->w_cursor.col > 0 && ascii_iswhite(ptr[curwin->w_cursor.col])) {
   curwin->w_cursor.col--;
 }
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
 adjust_for_sel(cap);
}

/// "g$" : Like "$" but for screen lines.
static void nv_g_dollar_cmd(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 oparg_T *oap = cap->oap;
 int i;
 int col_off = win_col_off(curwin);
 const bool flag = cap->nchar == K_END || cap->nchar == K_KEND;

 oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 oap->inclusive = true;
 if (curwin->w_p_wrap && curwin->w_view_width != 0) {
   curwin->w_curswant = MAXCOL;              // so we stay at the end
   if (cap->count1 == 1) {
     int width1 = curwin->w_view_width - col_off;
     int width2 = width1 + win_col_off2(curwin);

     validate_virtcol(curwin);
     i = width1 - 1;
     if (curwin->w_virtcol >= (colnr_T)width1) {
       i += ((curwin->w_virtcol - width1) / width2 + 1) * width2;
     }
     coladvance(curwin, (colnr_T)i);

     // Make sure we stick in this column.
     update_curswant_force();
     if (curwin->w_cursor.col > 0 && curwin->w_p_wrap) {
       // Check for landing on a character that got split at
       // the end of the line.  We do not want to advance to
       // the next screen line.
       if (curwin->w_virtcol > (colnr_T)i) {
         curwin->w_cursor.col--;
       }
     }
   } else if (nv_screengo(oap, FORWARD, cap->count1 - 1, false) == false) {
     clearopbeep(oap);
   }
 } else {
   if (cap->count1 > 1) {
     // if it fails, let the cursor still move to the last char
     cursor_down(cap->count1 - 1, false);
   }
   i = curwin->w_leftcol + curwin->w_view_width - col_off - 1;
   coladvance(curwin, (colnr_T)i);

   // if the character doesn't fit move one back
   if (curwin->w_cursor.col > 0 && utf_ptr2cells(get_cursor_pos_ptr()) > 1) {
     colnr_T vcol;

     getvvcol(curwin, &curwin->w_cursor, NULL, NULL, &vcol);
     if (vcol >= curwin->w_leftcol + curwin->w_view_width - col_off) {
       curwin->w_cursor.col--;
     }
   }

   // Make sure we stick in this column.
   update_curswant_force();
 }
 if (flag) {
   do {
     i = gchar_cursor();
   } while (ascii_iswhite_or_nul(i) && oneleft() == OK);
   curwin->w_valid &= ~VALID_WCOL;
 }
}

/// "gi": start Insert at the last position.
static void nv_gi_cmd(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (curbuf->b_last_insert.mark.lnum != 0) {
   curwin->w_cursor = curbuf->b_last_insert.mark;
   check_cursor_lnum(curwin);
   int i = (int)get_cursor_line_len();
   if (curwin->w_cursor.col > (colnr_T)i) {
     if (virtual_active(curwin)) {
       curwin->w_cursor.coladd += curwin->w_cursor.col - i;
     }
     curwin->w_cursor.col = i;
   }
 }
 cap->cmdchar = 'i';
 nv_edit(cap);
}

/// Commands starting with "g".
static void nv_g_cmd(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 oparg_T *oap = cap->oap;
 int i;

 switch (cap->nchar) {
 // "g^A/g^X": Sequentially increment visually selected region.
 case Ctrl_A:
 case Ctrl_X:
   if (VIsual_active) {
     cap->arg = true;
     cap->cmdchar = cap->nchar;
     cap->nchar = NUL;
     nv_addsub(cap);
   } else {
     clearopbeep(oap);
   }
   break;

 // "gR": Enter virtual replace mode.
 case 'R':
   cap->arg = true;
   nv_Replace(cap);
   break;

 case 'r':
   nv_vreplace(cap);
   break;

 case '&':
   do_cmdline_cmd("%s//~/&");
   break;

 // "gv": Reselect the previous Visual area.  If Visual already active,
 //       exchange previous and current Visual area.
 case 'v':
   nv_gv_cmd(cap);
   break;
 // "gV": Don't reselect the previous Visual area after a Select mode mapping of menu.
 case 'V':
   VIsual_reselect = false;
   break;

 // "gh":  start Select mode.
 // "gH":  start Select line mode.
 // "g^H": start Select block mode.
 case K_BS:
   cap->nchar = Ctrl_H;
   FALLTHROUGH;
 case 'h':
 case 'H':
 case Ctrl_H:
   cap->cmdchar = cap->nchar + ('v' - 'h');
   cap->arg = true;
   nv_visual(cap);
   break;

 // "gn", "gN" visually select next/previous search match
 // "gn" selects next match
 // "gN" selects previous match
 case 'N':
 case 'n':
   if (!current_search(cap->count1, cap->nchar == 'n')) {
     clearopbeep(oap);
   }
   break;

 // "gj" and "gk" two new funny movement keys -- up and down
 // movement based on *screen* line rather than *file* line.
 case 'j':
 case K_DOWN:
   // with 'nowrap' it works just like the normal "j" command.
   if (!curwin->w_p_wrap) {
     oap->motion_type = kMTLineWise;
     i = cursor_down(cap->count1, oap->op_type == OP_NOP);
   } else {
     i = nv_screengo(oap, FORWARD, cap->count1, false);
   }
   if (!i) {
     clearopbeep(oap);
   }
   break;

 case 'k':
 case K_UP:
   // with 'nowrap' it works just like the normal "k" command.
   if (!curwin->w_p_wrap) {
     oap->motion_type = kMTLineWise;
     i = cursor_up(cap->count1, oap->op_type == OP_NOP);
   } else {
     i = nv_screengo(oap, BACKWARD, cap->count1, false);
   }
   if (!i) {
     clearopbeep(oap);
   }
   break;

 // "gJ": join two lines without inserting a space.
 case 'J':
   nv_join(cap);
   break;

 // "g0", "g^" : Like "0" and "^" but for screen lines.
 // "gm": middle of "g0" and "g$".
 case '^':
 case '0':
 case 'm':
 case K_HOME:
 case K_KHOME:
   nv_g_home_m_cmd(cap);
   break;

 case 'M':
   oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
   oap->inclusive = false;
   i = linetabsize(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum);
   if (cap->count0 > 0 && cap->count0 <= 100) {
     coladvance(curwin, (colnr_T)(i * cap->count0 / 100));
   } else {
     coladvance(curwin, (colnr_T)(i / 2));
   }
   curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
   break;

 // "g_": to the last non-blank character in the line or <count> lines downward.
 case '_':
   nv_g_underscore_cmd(cap);
   break;

 // "g$" : Like "$" but for screen lines.
 case '$':
 case K_END:
 case K_KEND:
   nv_g_dollar_cmd(cap);
   break;

 // "g*" and "g#", like "*" and "#" but without using "\<" and "\>"
 case '*':
 case '#':
#if POUND != '#'
 case POUND:           // pound sign (sometimes equal to '#')
#endif
 case Ctrl_RSB:                // :tag or :tselect for current identifier
 case ']':                     // :tselect for current identifier
   nv_ident(cap);
   break;

 // ge and gE: go back to end of word
 case 'e':
 case 'E':
   oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
   curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
   oap->inclusive = true;
   if (bckend_word(cap->count1, cap->nchar == 'E', false) == false) {
     clearopbeep(oap);
   }
   break;

 // "g CTRL-G": display info about cursor position
 case Ctrl_G:
   cursor_pos_info(NULL);
   break;

 // "gi": start Insert at the last position.
 case 'i':
   nv_gi_cmd(cap);
   break;

 // "gI": Start insert in column 1.
 case 'I':
   beginline(0);
   if (!checkclearopq(oap)) {
     invoke_edit(cap, false, 'g', false);
   }
   break;

 // "gf": goto file, edit file under cursor
 // "]f" and "[f": can also be used.
 case 'f':
 case 'F':
   nv_gotofile(cap);
   break;

 // "g'm" and "g`m": jump to mark without setting pcmark
 case '\'':
   cap->arg = true;
   FALLTHROUGH;
 case '`':
   nv_gomark(cap);
   break;

 // "gs": Goto sleep.
 case 's':
   do_sleep(cap->count1 * 1000, false);
   break;

 // "ga": Display the ascii value of the character under the
 // cursor.    It is displayed in decimal, hex, and octal. -- webb
 case 'a':
   do_ascii(NULL);
   break;

 // "g8": Display the bytes used for the UTF-8 character under the
 // cursor.    It is displayed in hex.
 // "8g8" finds illegal byte sequence.
 case '8':
   if (cap->count0 == 8) {
     utf_find_illegal();
   } else {
     show_utf8();
   }
   break;
 // "g<": show scrollback text
 case '<':
   show_sb_text();
   break;

 // "gg": Goto the first line in file.  With a count it goes to
 // that line number like for "G". -- webb
 case 'g':
   cap->arg = false;
   nv_goto(cap);
   break;

 //  Two-character operators:
 //  "gq"       Format text
 //  "gw"       Format text and keep cursor position
 //  "g~"       Toggle the case of the text.
 //  "gu"       Change text to lower case.
 //  "gU"       Change text to upper case.
 //  "g?"       rot13 encoding
 //  "g@"       call 'operatorfunc'
 case 'q':
 case 'w':
   oap->cursor_start = curwin->w_cursor;
   FALLTHROUGH;
 case '~':
 case 'u':
 case 'U':
 case '?':
 case '@':
   nv_operator(cap);
   break;

 // "gd": Find first occurrence of pattern under the cursor in the current function
 // "gD": idem, but in the current file.
 case 'd':
 case 'D':
   nv_gd(oap, cap->nchar, cap->count0);
   break;

 // g<*Mouse> : <C-*mouse>
 case K_MIDDLEMOUSE:
 case K_MIDDLEDRAG:
 case K_MIDDLERELEASE:
 case K_LEFTMOUSE:
 case K_LEFTDRAG:
 case K_LEFTRELEASE:
 case K_MOUSEMOVE:
 case K_RIGHTMOUSE:
 case K_RIGHTDRAG:
 case K_RIGHTRELEASE:
 case K_X1MOUSE:
 case K_X1DRAG:
 case K_X1RELEASE:
 case K_X2MOUSE:
 case K_X2DRAG:
 case K_X2RELEASE:
   mod_mask = MOD_MASK_CTRL;
   do_mouse(oap, cap->nchar, BACKWARD, cap->count1, 0);
   break;

 case K_IGNORE:
   break;

 // "gP" and "gp": same as "P" and "p" but leave cursor just after new text
 case 'p':
 case 'P':
   nv_put(cap);
   break;

 // "go": goto byte count from start of buffer
 case 'o':
   oap->inclusive = false;
   goto_byte(cap->count0);
   break;

 // "gQ": improved Ex mode
 case 'Q':
   if (!check_text_locked(cap->oap) && !checkclearopq(oap)) {
     do_exmode();
   }
   break;

 case ',':
   nv_pcmark(cap);
   break;

 case ';':
   cap->count1 = -cap->count1;
   nv_pcmark(cap);
   break;

 case 't':
   if (!checkclearop(oap)) {
     goto_tabpage(cap->count0);
   }
   break;
 case 'T':
   if (!checkclearop(oap)) {
     goto_tabpage(-cap->count1);
   }
   break;

 case TAB:
   if (!checkclearop(oap) && !goto_tabpage_lastused()) {
     clearopbeep(oap);
   }
   break;

 case '+':
 case '-':   // "g+" and "g-": undo or redo along the timeline
   if (!checkclearopq(oap)) {
     undo_time(cap->nchar == '-' ? -cap->count1 : cap->count1,
               false, false, false);
   }
   break;

 default:
   clearopbeep(oap);
   break;
 }
}

/// Handle "o" and "O" commands.
static void n_opencmd(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 if (cap->cmdchar == 'O') {
   // Open above the first line of a folded sequence of lines
   hasFolding(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum,
              &curwin->w_cursor.lnum, NULL);
 } else {
   // Open below the last line of a folded sequence of lines
   hasFolding(curwin, curwin->w_cursor.lnum,
              NULL, &curwin->w_cursor.lnum);
 }
 // trigger TextChangedI for the 'o/O' command
 curbuf->b_last_changedtick_i = buf_get_changedtick(curbuf);
 if (u_save(curwin->w_cursor.lnum - (cap->cmdchar == 'O' ? 1 : 0),
            curwin->w_cursor.lnum + (cap->cmdchar == 'o' ? 1 : 0))
     && open_line(cap->cmdchar == 'O' ? BACKWARD : FORWARD,
                  has_format_option(FO_OPEN_COMS) ? OPENLINE_DO_COM : 0,
                  0, NULL)) {
   if (win_cursorline_standout(curwin)) {
     // force redraw of cursorline
     curwin->w_valid &= ~VALID_CROW;
   }
   invoke_edit(cap, false, cap->cmdchar, true);
 }
}

/// "." command: redo last change.
static void nv_dot(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 // If "restart_edit" is true, the last but one command is repeated
 // instead of the last command (inserting text). This is used for
 // CTRL-O <.> in insert mode.
 if (start_redo(cap->count0, restart_edit != 0 && !arrow_used) == false) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 }
}

/// CTRL-R: undo undo or specify register in select mode
static void nv_redo_or_register(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (VIsual_select && VIsual_active) {
   // Get register name
   no_mapping++;
   int reg = plain_vgetc();
   LANGMAP_ADJUST(reg, true);
   no_mapping--;

   if (reg == '"') {
     // the unnamed register is 0
     reg = 0;
   }

   VIsual_select_reg = valid_yank_reg(reg, true) ? reg : 0;
   return;
 }

 if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 u_redo(cap->count1);
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
}

/// Handle "U" command.
static void nv_Undo(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 // In Visual mode and typing "gUU" triggers an operator
 if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_UPPER || VIsual_active) {
   // translate "gUU" to "gUgU"
   cap->cmdchar = 'g';
   cap->nchar = 'U';
   nv_operator(cap);
   return;
 }

 if (checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 u_undoline();
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
}

/// '~' command: If tilde is not an operator and Visual is off: swap case of a
/// single character.
static void nv_tilde(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (!p_to && !VIsual_active && cap->oap->op_type != OP_TILDE) {
   if (bt_prompt(curbuf) && !prompt_curpos_editable()) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
     return;
   }
   n_swapchar(cap);
 } else {
   nv_operator(cap);
 }
}

/// Handle an operator command.
/// The actual work is done by do_pending_operator().
static void nv_operator(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 int op_type = get_op_type(cap->cmdchar, cap->nchar);

 if (bt_prompt(curbuf) && op_is_change(op_type)
     && !prompt_curpos_editable()) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   return;
 }

 if (op_type == cap->oap->op_type) {       // double operator works on lines
   nv_lineop(cap);
 } else if (!checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   cap->oap->start = curwin->w_cursor;
   cap->oap->op_type = op_type;
   set_op_var(op_type);
 }
}

/// Set v:operator to the characters for "optype".
static void set_op_var(int optype)
{
 if (optype == OP_NOP) {
   set_vim_var_string(VV_OP, NULL, 0);
 } else {
   char opchars[3];
   int opchar0 = get_op_char(optype);
   assert(opchar0 >= 0 && opchar0 <= UCHAR_MAX);
   opchars[0] = (char)opchar0;

   int opchar1 = get_extra_op_char(optype);
   assert(opchar1 >= 0 && opchar1 <= UCHAR_MAX);
   opchars[1] = (char)opchar1;

   opchars[2] = NUL;
   set_vim_var_string(VV_OP, opchars, -1);
 }
}

/// Handle linewise operator "dd", "yy", etc.
///
/// "_" is is a strange motion command that helps make operators more logical.
/// It is actually implemented, but not documented in the real Vi.  This motion
/// command actually refers to "the current line".  Commands like "dd" and "yy"
/// are really an alternate form of "d_" and "y_".  It does accept a count, so
/// "d3_" works to delete 3 lines.
static void nv_lineop(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTLineWise;
 if (cursor_down(cap->count1 - 1, cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) == false) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 } else if ((cap->oap->op_type == OP_DELETE
             // only with linewise motions
             && cap->oap->motion_force != 'v'
             && cap->oap->motion_force != Ctrl_V)
            || cap->oap->op_type == OP_LSHIFT
            || cap->oap->op_type == OP_RSHIFT) {
   beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
 } else if (cap->oap->op_type != OP_YANK) {  // 'Y' does not move cursor
   beginline(BL_WHITE | BL_FIX);
 }
}

/// <Home> command.
static void nv_home(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 // CTRL-HOME is like "gg"
 if (mod_mask & MOD_MASK_CTRL) {
   nv_goto(cap);
 } else {
   cap->count0 = 1;
   nv_pipe(cap);
 }
 ins_at_eol = false;       // Don't move cursor past eol (only necessary in a
                           // one-character line).
}

/// "|" command.
static void nv_pipe(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 beginline(0);
 if (cap->count0 > 0) {
   coladvance(curwin, (colnr_T)(cap->count0 - 1));
   curwin->w_curswant = (colnr_T)(cap->count0 - 1);
 } else {
   curwin->w_curswant = 0;
 }
 // keep curswant at the column where we wanted to go, not where
 // we ended; differs if line is too short
 curwin->w_set_curswant = false;
}

/// Handle back-word command "b" and "B".
/// cap->arg is 1 for "B"
static void nv_bck_word(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
 if (bck_word(cap->count1, cap->arg, false) == false) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 } else if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagHor) && KeyTyped && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// Handle word motion commands "e", "E", "w" and "W".
/// cap->arg is true for "E" and "W".
static void nv_wordcmd(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 int n;
 bool word_end;
 bool flag = false;
 pos_T startpos = curwin->w_cursor;

 // Set inclusive for the "E" and "e" command.
 if (cap->cmdchar == 'e' || cap->cmdchar == 'E') {
   word_end = true;
 } else {
   word_end = false;
 }
 cap->oap->inclusive = word_end;

 // "cw" and "cW" are a special case.
 if (!word_end && cap->oap->op_type == OP_CHANGE) {
   n = gchar_cursor();
   if (n != NUL && !ascii_iswhite(n)) {
     // This is a little strange.  To match what the real Vi does, we
     // effectively map "cw" to "ce", and "cW" to "cE", provided that we are
     // not on a space or a TAB.  This seems impolite at first, but it's
     // really more what we mean when we say "cw".
     //
     // Another strangeness: When standing on the end of a word "ce" will
     // change until the end of the next word, but "cw" will change only one
     // character!  This is done by setting "flag".
     if (vim_strchr(p_cpo, CPO_CHANGEW) != NULL) {
       cap->oap->inclusive = true;
       word_end = true;
     }
     flag = true;
   }
 }

 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
 if (word_end) {
   n = end_word(cap->count1, cap->arg, flag, false);
 } else {
   n = fwd_word(cap->count1, cap->arg, cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP);
 }

 // Don't leave the cursor on the NUL past the end of line. Unless we
 // didn't move it forward.
 if (lt(startpos, curwin->w_cursor)) {
   adjust_cursor(cap->oap);
 }

 if (n == false && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 } else {
   adjust_for_sel(cap);
   if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagHor) && KeyTyped && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
     foldOpenCursor();
   }
 }
}

/// Used after a movement command: If the cursor ends up on the NUL after the
/// end of the line, may move it back to the last character and make the motion
/// inclusive.
static void adjust_cursor(oparg_T *oap)
{
 // The cursor cannot remain on the NUL when:
 // - the column is > 0
 // - not in Visual mode or 'selection' is "o"
 // - 'virtualedit' is not "all" and not "onemore".
 if (curwin->w_cursor.col > 0 && gchar_cursor() == NUL
     && (!VIsual_active || *p_sel == 'o')
     && !virtual_active(curwin)
     && (get_ve_flags(curwin) & kOptVeFlagOnemore) == 0) {
   curwin->w_cursor.col--;
   // prevent cursor from moving on the trail byte
   mb_adjust_cursor();
   oap->inclusive = true;
 }
}

/// "0" and "^" commands.
/// cap->arg is the argument for beginline().
static void nv_beginline(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTCharWise;
 cap->oap->inclusive = false;
 beginline(cap->arg);
 if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagHor) && KeyTyped && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
 ins_at_eol = false;       // Don't move cursor past eol (only necessary in a
                           // one-character line).
}

/// In exclusive Visual mode, may include the last character.
static void adjust_for_sel(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (VIsual_active && cap->oap->inclusive && *p_sel == 'e'
     && gchar_cursor() != NUL && lt(VIsual, curwin->w_cursor)) {
   inc_cursor();
   cap->oap->inclusive = false;
   VIsual_select_exclu_adj = true;
 }
}

/// Exclude last character at end of Visual area for 'selection' == "exclusive".
/// Should check VIsual_mode before calling this.
///
/// @return  true when backed up to the previous line.
bool unadjust_for_sel(void)
{
 if (*p_sel == 'e' && !equalpos(VIsual, curwin->w_cursor)) {
   return unadjust_for_sel_inner(lt(VIsual, curwin->w_cursor)
                                 ? &curwin->w_cursor : &VIsual);
 }
 return false;
}

/// Move position "*pp" back one character for 'selection' == "exclusive".
///
/// @return  true when backed up to the previous line.
bool unadjust_for_sel_inner(pos_T *pp)
{
 VIsual_select_exclu_adj = false;

 if (pp->coladd > 0) {
   pp->coladd--;
 } else if (pp->col > 0) {
   pp->col--;
   mark_mb_adjustpos(curbuf, pp);
   if (virtual_active(curwin)) {
     colnr_T cs, ce;
     getvcol(curwin, pp, &cs, NULL, &ce);
     pp->coladd = ce - cs;
   }
 } else if (pp->lnum > 1) {
   pp->lnum--;
   pp->col = ml_get_len(pp->lnum);
   return true;
 }

 return false;
}

/// SELECT key in Normal or Visual mode: end of Select mode mapping.
static void nv_select(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (VIsual_active) {
   VIsual_select = true;
   VIsual_select_reg = 0;
 } else if (VIsual_reselect) {
   cap->nchar = 'v';               // fake "gv" command
   cap->arg = true;
   nv_g_cmd(cap);
 }
}

/// "G", "gg", CTRL-END, CTRL-HOME.
/// cap->arg is true for "G".
static void nv_goto(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 linenr_T lnum;

 if (cap->arg) {
   lnum = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
 } else {
   lnum = 1;
 }
 cap->oap->motion_type = kMTLineWise;
 setpcmark();

 // When a count is given, use it instead of the default lnum
 if (cap->count0 != 0) {
   lnum = cap->count0;
 }
 lnum = MIN(MAX(lnum, 1), curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count);
 curwin->w_cursor.lnum = lnum;
 beginline(BL_SOL | BL_FIX);
 if ((fdo_flags & kOptFdoFlagJump) && KeyTyped && cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP) {
   foldOpenCursor();
 }
}

/// CTRL-\ in Normal mode.
static void nv_normal(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (cap->nchar == Ctrl_N || cap->nchar == Ctrl_G) {
   clearop(cap->oap);
   if (restart_edit != 0 && mode_displayed) {
     clear_cmdline = true;                     // unshow mode later
   }
   restart_edit = 0;
   if (cmdwin_type != 0) {
     cmdwin_result = Ctrl_C;
   }
   if (VIsual_active) {
     end_visual_mode();                // stop Visual
     redraw_curbuf_later(UPD_INVERTED);
   }
 } else {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 }
}

/// ESC in Normal mode: beep, but don't flush buffers.
/// Don't even beep if we are canceling a command.
static void nv_esc(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 bool no_reason = (cap->oap->op_type == OP_NOP
                   && cap->opcount == 0
                   && cap->count0 == 0
                   && cap->oap->regname == 0);

 if (cap->arg) {               // true for CTRL-C
   if (restart_edit == 0 && cmdwin_type == 0 && !VIsual_active && no_reason) {
     if (anyBufIsChanged()) {
       msg(_("Type  :qa!  and press <Enter> to abandon all changes"
             " and exit Nvim"), 0);
     } else {
       msg(_("Type  :qa  and press <Enter> to exit Nvim"), 0);
     }
   }

   if (restart_edit != 0) {
     redraw_mode = true;  // remove "-- (insert) --"
   }

   restart_edit = 0;

   if (cmdwin_type != 0) {
     cmdwin_result = K_IGNORE;
     got_int = false;          // don't stop executing autocommands et al.
     return;
   }
 } else if (cmdwin_type != 0 && ex_normal_busy && typebuf_was_empty) {
   // When :normal runs out of characters while in the command line window
   // vgetorpeek() will repeatedly return ESC.  Exit the cmdline window to
   // break the loop.
   cmdwin_result = K_IGNORE;
   return;
 }

 if (VIsual_active) {
   end_visual_mode();          // stop Visual
   check_cursor_col(curwin);         // make sure cursor is not beyond EOL
   curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
   redraw_curbuf_later(UPD_INVERTED);
 } else if (no_reason) {
   vim_beep(kOptBoFlagEsc);
 }
 clearop(cap->oap);
}

/// Move the cursor for the "A" command.
void set_cursor_for_append_to_line(void)
{
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
 if (get_ve_flags(curwin) == kOptVeFlagAll) {
   const int save_State = State;
   // Pretend Insert mode here to allow the cursor on the
   // character past the end of the line
   State = MODE_INSERT;
   coladvance(curwin, MAXCOL);
   State = save_State;
 } else {
   curwin->w_cursor.col += (colnr_T)strlen(get_cursor_pos_ptr());
 }
}

/// Handle "A", "a", "I", "i" and <Insert> commands.
static void nv_edit(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 // <Insert> is equal to "i"
 if (cap->cmdchar == K_INS || cap->cmdchar == K_KINS) {
   cap->cmdchar = 'i';
 }

 // in Visual mode "A" and "I" are an operator
 if (VIsual_active && (cap->cmdchar == 'A' || cap->cmdchar == 'I')) {
   v_visop(cap);
   // in Visual mode and after an operator "a" and "i" are for text objects
 } else if ((cap->cmdchar == 'a' || cap->cmdchar == 'i')
            && (cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP || VIsual_active)) {
   nv_object(cap);
 } else if (!curbuf->b_p_ma && !curbuf->terminal) {
   emsg(_(e_modifiable));
   clearop(cap->oap);
 } else if (!checkclearopq(cap->oap)) {
   switch (cap->cmdchar) {
   case 'A':           // "A"ppend after the line
     set_cursor_for_append_to_line();
     break;

   case 'I':           // "I"nsert before the first non-blank
     beginline(BL_WHITE);
     break;

   case 'a':           // "a"ppend is like "i"nsert on the next character.
     // increment coladd when in virtual space, increment the
     // column otherwise, also to append after an unprintable char
     if (virtual_active(curwin)
         && (curwin->w_cursor.coladd > 0
             || *get_cursor_pos_ptr() == NUL
             || *get_cursor_pos_ptr() == TAB)) {
       curwin->w_cursor.coladd++;
     } else if (*get_cursor_pos_ptr() != NUL) {
       inc_cursor();
     }
     break;
   }

   if (curwin->w_cursor.coladd && cap->cmdchar != 'A') {
     int save_State = State;

     // Pretend Insert mode here to allow the cursor on the
     // character past the end of the line
     State = MODE_INSERT;
     coladvance(curwin, getviscol());
     State = save_State;
   }

   invoke_edit(cap, false, cap->cmdchar, false);
 }
}

/// Invoke edit() and take care of "restart_edit" and the return value.
///
/// @param repl  "r" or "gr" command
static void invoke_edit(cmdarg_T *cap, int repl, int cmd, int startln)
{
 int restart_edit_save = 0;

 // Complicated: When the user types "a<C-O>a" we don't want to do Insert
 // mode recursively.  But when doing "a<C-O>." or "a<C-O>rx" we do allow
 // it.
 if (repl || !stuff_empty()) {
   restart_edit_save = restart_edit;
 } else {
   restart_edit_save = 0;
 }

 // Always reset "restart_edit", this is not a restarted edit.
 restart_edit = 0;

 // Reset Changedtick_i, so that TextChangedI will only be triggered for stuff
 // from insert mode, for 'o/O' this has already been done in n_opencmd
 if (cap->cmdchar != 'O' && cap->cmdchar != 'o') {
   curbuf->b_last_changedtick_i = buf_get_changedtick(curbuf);
 }
 if (edit(cmd, startln, cap->count1)) {
   cap->retval |= CA_COMMAND_BUSY;
 }

 if (restart_edit == 0) {
   restart_edit = restart_edit_save;
 }
}

/// "a" or "i" while an operator is pending or in Visual mode: object motion.
static void nv_object(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 bool flag;
 bool include;

 if (cap->cmdchar == 'i') {
   include = false;        // "ix" = inner object: exclude white space
 } else {
   include = true;         // "ax" = an object: include white space
 }
 // Make sure (), [], {} and <> are in 'matchpairs'
 char *mps_save = curbuf->b_p_mps;
 curbuf->b_p_mps = "(:),{:},[:],<:>";

 switch (cap->nchar) {
 case 'w':       // "aw" = a word
   flag = current_word(cap->oap, cap->count1, include, false);
   break;
 case 'W':       // "aW" = a WORD
   flag = current_word(cap->oap, cap->count1, include, true);
   break;
 case 'b':       // "ab" = a braces block
 case '(':
 case ')':
   flag = current_block(cap->oap, cap->count1, include, '(', ')');
   break;
 case 'B':       // "aB" = a Brackets block
 case '{':
 case '}':
   flag = current_block(cap->oap, cap->count1, include, '{', '}');
   break;
 case '[':       // "a[" = a [] block
 case ']':
   flag = current_block(cap->oap, cap->count1, include, '[', ']');
   break;
 case '<':       // "a<" = a <> block
 case '>':
   flag = current_block(cap->oap, cap->count1, include, '<', '>');
   break;
 case 't':       // "at" = a tag block (xml and html)
   // Do not adjust oap->end in do_pending_operator()
   // otherwise there are different results for 'dit'
   // (note leading whitespace in last line):
   // 1) <b>      2) <b>
   //    foobar      foobar
   //    </b>            </b>
   cap->retval |= CA_NO_ADJ_OP_END;
   flag = current_tagblock(cap->oap, cap->count1, include);
   break;
 case 'p':       // "ap" = a paragraph
   flag = current_par(cap->oap, cap->count1, include, 'p');
   break;
 case 's':       // "as" = a sentence
   flag = current_sent(cap->oap, cap->count1, include);
   break;
 case '"':       // "a"" = a double quoted string
 case '\'':       // "a'" = a single quoted string
 case '`':       // "a`" = a backtick quoted string
   flag = current_quote(cap->oap, cap->count1, include,
                        cap->nchar);
   break;
 default:
   flag = false;
   break;
 }

 curbuf->b_p_mps = mps_save;
 if (!flag) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 }
 adjust_cursor_col();
 curwin->w_set_curswant = true;
}

/// "q" command: Start/stop recording.
/// "q:", "q/", "q?": edit command-line in command-line window.
static void nv_record(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_FORMAT) {
   // "gqq" is the same as "gqgq": format line
   cap->cmdchar = 'g';
   cap->nchar = 'q';
   nv_operator(cap);
   return;
 }

 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 if (cap->nchar == ':' || cap->nchar == '/' || cap->nchar == '?') {
   if (cmdwin_type != 0) {
     emsg(_(e_cmdline_window_already_open));
     return;
   }
   stuffcharReadbuff(cap->nchar);
   stuffcharReadbuff(K_CMDWIN);
 } else {
   // (stop) recording into a named register, unless executing a
   // register.
   if (reg_executing == 0 && do_record(cap->nchar) == FAIL) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   }
 }
}

/// Handle the "@r" command.
static void nv_at(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }
 if (cap->nchar == '=') {
   if (get_expr_register() == NUL) {
     return;
   }
 }
 while (cap->count1-- && !got_int) {
   if (do_execreg(cap->nchar, false, false, false) == false) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
     break;
   }
   line_breakcheck();
 }
}

/// Handle the CTRL-U and CTRL-D commands.
static void nv_halfpage(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (!checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   pagescroll(cap->cmdchar == Ctrl_D ? FORWARD : BACKWARD, cap->count0, true);
 }
}

/// Handle "J" or "gJ" command.
static void nv_join(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 if (VIsual_active) {  // join the visual lines
   nv_operator(cap);
   return;
 }

 if (checkclearop(cap->oap)) {
   return;
 }

 cap->count0 = MAX(cap->count0, 2);  // default for join is two lines!

 if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum + cap->count0 - 1 >
     curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count) {
   // can't join when on the last line
   if (cap->count0 <= 2) {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
     return;
   }
   cap->count0 = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count - curwin->w_cursor.lnum + 1;
 }

 prep_redo(cap->oap->regname, cap->count0,
           NUL, cap->cmdchar, NUL, NUL, cap->nchar);
 do_join((size_t)cap->count0, cap->nchar == NUL, true, true, true);
}

/// "P", "gP", "p" and "gp" commands.
static void nv_put(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 nv_put_opt(cap, false);
}

/// "P", "gP", "p" and "gp" commands.
///
/// @param fix_indent  true for "[p", "[P", "]p" and "]P".
static void nv_put_opt(cmdarg_T *cap, bool fix_indent)
{
 yankreg_T *savereg = NULL;
 bool empty = false;
 bool was_visual = false;
 int dir;
 int flags = 0;
 const int save_fen = curwin->w_p_fen;

 if (cap->oap->op_type != OP_NOP) {
   // "dp" is ":diffput"
   if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_DELETE && cap->cmdchar == 'p') {
     clearop(cap->oap);
     assert(cap->opcount >= 0);
     nv_diffgetput(true, (size_t)cap->opcount);
   } else {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
   }
   return;
 }

 if (bt_prompt(curbuf) && !prompt_curpos_editable()) {
   if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum == curbuf->b_prompt_start.mark.lnum) {
     curwin->w_cursor.col = curbuf->b_prompt_start.mark.col;
     // Since we've shifted the cursor to the first editable char. We want to
     // paste before that.
     cap->cmdchar = 'P';
   } else {
     clearopbeep(cap->oap);
     return;
   }
 }

 if (fix_indent) {
   dir = (cap->cmdchar == ']' && cap->nchar == 'p')
         ? FORWARD : BACKWARD;
   flags |= PUT_FIXINDENT;
 } else {
   dir = (cap->cmdchar == 'P'
          || ((cap->cmdchar == 'g' || cap->cmdchar == 'z')
              && cap->nchar == 'P')) ? BACKWARD : FORWARD;
 }
 prep_redo_cmd(cap);
 if (cap->cmdchar == 'g') {
   flags |= PUT_CURSEND;
 } else if (cap->cmdchar == 'z') {
   flags |= PUT_BLOCK_INNER;
 }

 if (VIsual_active) {
   // Putting in Visual mode: The put text replaces the selected
   // text.  First delete the selected text, then put the new text.
   // Need to save and restore the registers that the delete
   // overwrites if the old contents is being put.
   was_visual = true;
   int regname = cap->oap->regname;
   bool keep_registers = cap->cmdchar == 'P';
   // '+' and '*' could be the same selection
   bool clipoverwrite = (regname == '+' || regname == '*')
                        && (cb_flags & (kOptCbFlagUnnamed | kOptCbFlagUnnamedplus));
   if (regname == 0 || regname == '"' || clipoverwrite
       || ascii_isdigit(regname) || regname == '-') {
     // The delete might overwrite the register we want to put, save it first
     savereg = copy_register(regname);
   }

   // Temporarily disable folding, as deleting a fold marker may cause
   // the cursor to be included in a fold.
   curwin->w_p_fen = false;

   // To place the cursor correctly after a blockwise put, and to leave the
   // text in the correct position when putting over a selection with
   // 'virtualedit' and past the end of the line, we use the 'c' operator in
   // do_put(), which requires the visual selection to still be active.
   if (!VIsual_active || VIsual_mode == 'V' || regname != '.') {
     // Now delete the selected text. Avoid messages here.
     cap->cmdchar = 'd';
     cap->nchar = NUL;
     cap->oap->regname = keep_registers ? '_' : NUL;
     msg_silent++;
     nv_operator(cap);
     do_pending_operator(cap, 0, false);
     empty = (curbuf->b_ml.ml_flags & ML_EMPTY);
     msg_silent--;

     // delete PUT_LINE_BACKWARD;
     cap->oap->regname = regname;
   }

   // When deleted a linewise Visual area, put the register as
   // lines to avoid it joined with the next line.  When deletion was
   // charwise, split a line when putting lines.
   if (VIsual_mode == 'V') {
     flags |= PUT_LINE;
   } else if (VIsual_mode == 'v') {
     flags |= PUT_LINE_SPLIT;
   }
   if (VIsual_mode == Ctrl_V && dir == FORWARD) {
     flags |= PUT_LINE_FORWARD;
   }
   dir = BACKWARD;
   if ((VIsual_mode != 'V'
        && curwin->w_cursor.col < curbuf->b_op_start.col)
       || (VIsual_mode == 'V'
           && curwin->w_cursor.lnum < curbuf->b_op_start.lnum)) {
     // cursor is at the end of the line or end of file, put
     // forward.
     dir = FORWARD;
   }
   // May have been reset in do_put().
   VIsual_active = true;
 }
 do_put(cap->oap->regname, savereg, dir, cap->count1, flags);

 // If a register was saved, free it
 if (savereg != NULL) {
   free_register(savereg);
   xfree(savereg);
 }

 if (was_visual) {
   if (save_fen) {
     curwin->w_p_fen = true;
   }
   // What to reselect with "gv"?  Selecting the just put text seems to
   // be the most useful, since the original text was removed.
   curbuf->b_visual.vi_start = curbuf->b_op_start;
   curbuf->b_visual.vi_end = curbuf->b_op_end;
   // need to adjust cursor position
   if (*p_sel == 'e') {
     inc(&curbuf->b_visual.vi_end);
   }
 }

 // When all lines were selected and deleted do_put() leaves an empty
 // line that needs to be deleted now.
 if (empty && *ml_get(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count) == NUL) {
   ml_delete_flags(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count, ML_DEL_MESSAGE);
   deleted_lines(curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count + 1, 1);

   // If the cursor was in that line, move it to the end of the last
   // line.
   if (curwin->w_cursor.lnum > curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count) {
     curwin->w_cursor.lnum = curbuf->b_ml.ml_line_count;
     coladvance(curwin, MAXCOL);
   }
 }
 auto_format(false, true);
}

/// "o" and "O" commands.
static void nv_open(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 // "do" is ":diffget"
 if (cap->oap->op_type == OP_DELETE && cap->cmdchar == 'o') {
   clearop(cap->oap);
   assert(cap->opcount >= 0);
   nv_diffgetput(false, (size_t)cap->opcount);
 } else if (VIsual_active) {
   // switch start and end of visual/
   v_swap_corners(cap->cmdchar);
 } else if (bt_prompt(curbuf) && curwin->w_cursor.lnum < curbuf->b_prompt_start.mark.lnum) {
   clearopbeep(cap->oap);
 } else {
   n_opencmd(cap);
 }
}

/// Handles K_PASTE_START, repeats pasted text.
static void nv_paste(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 paste_repeat(cap->count1);
}

/// Handle an arbitrary event in normal mode
static void nv_event(cmdarg_T *cap)
{
 // Garbage collection should have been executed before blocking for events in
 // the `input_get` in `state_enter`, but we also disable it here in case the
 // `input_get` branch was not executed (!multiqueue_empty(loop.events), which
 // could have `may_garbage_collect` set to true in `normal_check`).
 //
 // That is because here we may run code that calls `input_get` later
 // (`f_confirm` or `get_keystroke` for example), but in these cases it is
 // not safe to perform garbage collection because there could be unreferenced
 // lists or dicts being used.
 may_garbage_collect = false;
 bool may_restart = (restart_edit != 0 || restart_VIsual_select != 0);
 state_handle_k_event();
 finish_op = false;
 if (may_restart) {
   // Tricky: if restart_edit was set before the handler we are in ctrl-o mode,
   // but if not, the event should be allowed to trigger :startinsert.
   cap->retval |= CA_COMMAND_BUSY;  // don't call edit() or restart Select now
 }
}

void normal_cmd(oparg_T *oap, bool toplevel)
{
 NormalState s;
 normal_state_init(&s);
 s.toplevel = toplevel;
 s.oa = *oap;
 normal_prepare(&s);
 normal_execute(&s.state, safe_vgetc());
 *oap = s.oa;
}