neovim

netrw.txt (147219B)

---

*netrw.txt*  Nvim

    ------------------------------------------------
    NETRW REFERENCE MANUAL    by Charles E. Campbell
    ------------------------------------------------
Original Author:  Charles E. Campbell
Copyright: Copyright (C) 2017 Charles E Campbell    *netrw-copyright*
The VIM LICENSE applies to the files in this package, including
netrw.vim, netrw.txt, and syntax/netrw.vim.
Like anything else that's free, netrw.vim and its
associated files are provided *as is* and comes with no warranty of
any kind, either expressed or implied.  No guarantees of
merchantability.  No guarantees of suitability for any purpose.  By
using this plugin, you agree that in no event will the copyright
holder be liable for any damages resulting from the use of this
software. Use at your own risk!

	*netrw*
	*dav*    *ftp*    *netrw-file*  *rcp*    *scp*
	*davs*   *http*   *netrw.vim*   *rsync*  *sftp*
	*fetch*  *network*

==============================================================================
1. Contents						*netrw-contents* {{{1

1.  Contents..............................................|netrw-contents|
2.  Starting With Netrw...................................|netrw-start|
3.  Netrw Reference.......................................|netrw-ref|
     EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND PROTOCOLS.................|netrw-externapp|
     READING.............................................|netrw-read|
     WRITING.............................................|netrw-write|
     SOURCING............................................|netrw-source|
     DIRECTORY LISTING...................................|netrw-dirlist|
     CHANGING THE USERID AND PASSWORD....................|netrw-chgup|
     VARIABLES AND SETTINGS..............................|netrw-variables|
     PATHS...............................................|netrw-path|
4.  Network-Oriented File Transfer........................|netrw-xfer|
     NETRC...............................................|netrw-netrc|
     PASSWORD............................................|netrw-passwd|
5.  Activation............................................|netrw-activate|
6.  Transparent Remote File Editing.......................|netrw-transparent|
7.  Ex Commands...........................................|netrw-ex|
8.  Variables and Options.................................|netrw-variables|
9.  Browsing..............................................|netrw-browse|
     Introduction To Browsing............................|netrw-intro-browse|
     Quick Reference: Maps...............................|netrw-browse-maps|
     Quick Reference: Commands...........................|netrw-browse-cmds|
     Banner Display......................................|netrw-I|
     Bookmarking A Directory.............................|netrw-mb|
     Browsing............................................|netrw-cr|
     Squeezing the Current Tree-Listing Directory........|netrw-s-cr|
     Browsing With A Horizontally Split Window...........|netrw-o|
     Browsing With A New Tab.............................|netrw-t|
     Browsing With A Vertically Split Window.............|netrw-v|
     Change Listing Style (thin wide long tree)..........|netrw-i|
     Changing To A Bookmarked Directory..................|netrw-gb|
     Quick hide/unhide of dot-files......................|netrw-gh|
     Changing local-only File Permission.................|netrw-gp|
     Changing To A Predecessor Directory.................|netrw-u|
     Changing To A Successor Directory...................|netrw-U|
     Deleting Bookmarks..................................|netrw-mB|
     Deleting Files Or Directories.......................|netrw-D|
     Directory Exploring Commands........................|netrw-explore|
     Exploring With Stars and Patterns...................|netrw-star|
     Displaying Information About File...................|netrw-qf|
     Edit File Or Directory Hiding List..................|netrw-ctrl-h|
     Editing The Sorting Sequence........................|netrw-S|
     Forcing treatment as a file or directory............|netrw-gd| |netrw-gf|
     Going Up............................................|netrw--|
     Hiding Files Or Directories.........................|netrw-a|
     Improving Browsing..................................|netrw-ssh-hack|
     Listing Bookmarks And History.......................|netrw-qb|
     Making A New Directory..............................|netrw-d|
     Making The Browsing Directory The Current Directory.|netrw-cd|
     Marking Files.......................................|netrw-mf|
     Unmarking Files.....................................|netrw-mF|
     Marking Files By Location List......................|netrw-qL|
     Marking Files By QuickFix List......................|netrw-qF|
     Marking Files By Regular Expression.................|netrw-mr|
     Marked Files: Arbitrary Shell Command...............|netrw-mx|
     Marked Files: Arbitrary Shell Command, En Bloc......|netrw-mX|
     Marked Files: Arbitrary Vim Command.................|netrw-mv|
     Marked Files: Argument List.........................|netrw-ma| |netrw-mA|
     Marked Files: Buffer List...........................|netrw-cb| |netrw-cB|
     Marked Files: Compression And Decompression.........|netrw-mz|
     Marked Files: Copying...............................|netrw-mc|
     Marked Files: Diff..................................|netrw-md|
     Marked Files: Editing...............................|netrw-me|
     Marked Files: Grep..................................|netrw-mg|
     Marked Files: Hiding and Unhiding by Suffix.........|netrw-mh|
     Marked Files: Moving................................|netrw-mm|
     Marked Files: Sourcing..............................|netrw-ms|
     Marked Files: Setting the Target Directory..........|netrw-mt|
     Marked Files: Tagging...............................|netrw-mT|
     Marked Files: Target Directory Using Bookmarks......|netrw-Tb|
     Marked Files: Target Directory Using History........|netrw-Th|
     Marked Files: Unmarking.............................|netrw-mu|
     Netrw Browser Variables.............................|netrw-browser-var|
     Netrw Browsing And Option Incompatibilities.........|netrw-incompatible|
     Obtaining A File....................................|netrw-O|
     Preview Window......................................|netrw-p|
     Previous Window.....................................|netrw-P|
     Refreshing The Listing..............................|netrw-ctrl-l|
     Reversing Sorting Order.............................|netrw-r|
     Renaming Files Or Directories.......................|netrw-R|
     Selecting Sorting Style.............................|netrw-s|
     Setting Editing Window..............................|netrw-C|
10. Problems and Fixes....................................|netrw-problems|
11. Credits...............................................|netrw-credits|

==============================================================================
2. Starting With Netrw					*netrw-start* {{{1

Netrw makes reading files, writing files, browsing over a network, and
local browsing easy!  First, make sure that you have plugins enabled, so
you'll need to have at least the following in your <.vimrc>:
(or see |netrw-activate|) >

set nocp                    " 'compatible' is not set
filetype plugin on          " plugins are enabled
<
(see 'cp' and |:filetype-plugin-on|)

Netrw supports "transparent" editing of files on other machines using urls
(see |netrw-transparent|). As an example of this, let's assume you have an
account on some other machine; if you can use scp, try: >

vim scp://hostname/path/to/file
<
Want to make ssh/scp easier to use? Check out |netrw-ssh-hack|!

So, what if you have ftp, not ssh/scp?  That's easy, too; try >

vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file
<
Want to make ftp simpler to use?  See if your ftp supports a file called
<.netrc> -- typically it goes in your home directory, has read/write
permissions for only the user to read (ie. not group, world, other, etc),
and has lines resembling >

machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD"
machine HOSTNAME login USERID password "PASSWORD"
...
default          login USERID password "PASSWORD"
<
Windows' ftp doesn't support .netrc; however, one may have in one's .vimrc:  >

  let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= 'c:\Windows\System32\ftp -s:C:\Users\MyUserName\MACHINE'
<
Netrw will substitute the host's machine name for "MACHINE" from the URL it is
attempting to open, and so one may specify >
userid
password
for each site in a separate file: c:\Users\MyUserName\MachineName.

Now about browsing -- when you just want to look around before editing a
file.  For browsing on your current host, just "edit" a directory: >

vim .
vim /home/userid/path
<
For browsing on a remote host, "edit" a directory (but make sure that
the directory name is followed by a "/"): >

vim scp://hostname/
vim ftp://hostname/path/to/dir/
<
See |netrw-browse| for more!

There are more protocols supported by netrw than just scp and ftp, too: see the
next section, |netrw-externapp|, on how to use these external applications with
netrw and vim.

PREVENTING LOADING					*netrw-noload*

If you want to use plugins, but for some reason don't wish to use netrw, then
you need to avoid loading both the plugin and the autoload portions of netrw.
You may do so by placing the following two lines in your <.vimrc>: >

:let g:loaded_netrw       = 1
:let g:loaded_netrwPlugin = 1
<

==============================================================================
3. Netrw Reference					*netrw-ref* {{{1

  Netrw supports several protocols in addition to scp and ftp as mentioned
  in |netrw-start|.  These include dav, fetch, http,... well, just look
  at the list in |netrw-externapp|.  Each protocol is associated with a
  variable which holds the default command supporting that protocol.

EXTERNAL APPLICATIONS AND PROTOCOLS			*netrw-externapp* {{{2

Protocol  Variable	       Default Value
--------  ----------------     -------------
   dav:   *g:netrw_dav_cmd*      = "cadaver"    if cadaver is executable
   dav:   g:netrw_dav_cmd      = "curl -o"    elseif curl is available
 fetch:   *g:netrw_fetch_cmd*    = "fetch -o"   if fetch is available
   ftp:   *g:netrw_ftp_cmd*      = "ftp"
  http:   *g:netrw_http_cmd*     = "elinks"     if   elinks  is available
  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "links"      elseif links is available
  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "curl"       elseif curl  is available
  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "wget"       elseif wget  is available
  http:   g:netrw_http_cmd     = "fetch"      elseif fetch is available
  http:   *g:netrw_http_put_cmd* = "curl -T"
   rcp:   *g:netrw_rcp_cmd*      = "rcp"
 rsync:   *g:netrw_rsync_cmd*    = "rsync"     (see |g:netrw_rsync_sep|)
   scp:   *g:netrw_scp_cmd*      = "scp -q"
  sftp:   *g:netrw_sftp_cmd*     = "sftp"
  file:   *g:netrw_file_cmd*     = "elinks" or "links"

*g:netrw_http_xcmd* : the option string for http://... protocols are
specified via this variable and may be independently overridden.  By
default, the option arguments for the http-handling commands are: >

	    elinks : "-source >"
	    links  : "-dump >"
	    curl   : "-L -o"
	    wget   : "-q -O"
	    fetch  : "-o"
<
For example, if your system has elinks, and you'd rather see the
page using an attempt at rendering the text, you may wish to have >
	let g:netrw_http_xcmd= "-dump >"
<	in your .vimrc.

g:netrw_http_put_cmd: this option specifies both the executable and
any needed options.  This command does a PUT operation to the url.


READING						*netrw-read* *netrw-nread* {{{2

Generally, one may just use the URL notation with a normal editing
command, such as >

	:e ftp://[user@]machine/path
<
Netrw also provides the Nread command:

:Nread ?					give help
:Nread "machine:path"				uses rcp
:Nread "machine path"				uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
:Nread "machine id password path"		uses ftp
:Nread "dav://machine[:port]/path"		uses cadaver
:Nread "fetch://[user@]machine/path"		uses fetch
:Nread "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
:Nread "http://[user@]machine/path"		uses http  uses wget
:Nread "rcp://[user@]machine/path"		uses rcp
:Nread "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path"	uses rsync
:Nread "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses scp
:Nread "sftp://[user@]machine/path"		uses sftp

WRITING					*netrw-write* *netrw-nwrite* {{{2

One may just use the URL notation with a normal file writing
command, such as >

	:w ftp://[user@]machine/path
<
Netrw also provides the Nwrite command:

:Nwrite ?					give help
:Nwrite "machine:path"				uses rcp
:Nwrite "machine path"				uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
:Nwrite "machine id password path"		uses ftp
:Nwrite "dav://machine[:port]/path"		uses cadaver
:Nwrite "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
:Nwrite "rcp://[user@]machine/path"		uses rcp
:Nwrite "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path"	uses rsync
:Nwrite "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses scp
:Nwrite "sftp://[user@]machine/path"		uses sftp
http: not supported!

SOURCING					*netrw-source* {{{2

One may just use the URL notation with the normal file sourcing
command, such as >

	:so ftp://[user@]machine/path
<
Netrw also provides the Nsource command:

:Nsource ?					give help
:Nsource "dav://machine[:port]/path"		uses cadaver
:Nsource "fetch://[user@]machine/path"		uses fetch
:Nsource "ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses ftp w/ <.netrc>
:Nsource "http://[user@]machine/path"		uses http  uses wget
:Nsource "rcp://[user@]machine/path"		uses rcp
:Nsource "rsync://[user@]machine[:port]/path"	uses rsync
:Nsource "scp://[user@]machine[[:#]port]/path"	uses scp
:Nsource "sftp://[user@]machine/path"		uses sftp

DIRECTORY LISTING		*netrw-trailingslash* *netrw-dirlist* {{{2

One may browse a directory to get a listing by simply attempting to
edit the directory: >

	:e scp://[user]@hostname/path/
	:e ftp://[user]@hostname/path/
<
For remote directory listings (ie. those using scp or ftp), that
trailing "/" is necessary (the slash tells netrw to treat the argument
as a directory to browse instead of as a file to download).

The Nread command may also be used to accomplish this (again, that
trailing slash is necessary): >

	:Nread [protocol]://[user]@hostname/path/
<
				*netrw-login* *netrw-password*
CHANGING USERID AND PASSWORD		*netrw-chgup* *netrw-userpass* {{{2

Attempts to use ftp will prompt you for a user-id and a password.
These will be saved in global variables |g:netrw_uid| and
|s:netrw_passwd|; subsequent use of ftp will re-use those two strings,
thereby simplifying use of ftp.  However, if you need to use a
different user id and/or password, you'll want to call |NetUserPass()|
first.  To work around the need to enter passwords, check if your ftp
supports a <.netrc> file in your home directory.  Also see
|netrw-passwd| (and if you're using ssh/scp hoping to figure out how
to not need to use passwords for scp, look at |netrw-ssh-hack|).

:NetUserPass [uid [password]]		-- prompts as needed
:call NetUserPass()			-- prompts for uid and password
:call NetUserPass("uid")		-- prompts for password
:call NetUserPass("uid","password")	-- sets global uid and password

(Related topics: |ftp| |netrw-userpass| |netrw-start|)

NETRW VARIABLES AND SETTINGS				*netrw-variables* {{{2
   (Also see:
   |netrw-browser-var|     : netrw browser option variables
   |netrw-protocol|        : file transfer protocol option variables
   |netrw-settings|        : additional file transfer options
   |netrw-browser-options| : these options affect browsing directories
   )

Netrw provides a lot of variables which allow you to customize netrw to your
preferences.  Most such settings are described below, in
|netrw-browser-options|, and in |netrw-externapp|:

*b:netrw_lastfile*	last file Network-read/written retained on a
		per-buffer basis (supports plain :Nw )

*g:netrw_bufsettings*	the settings that netrw buffers have
		(default) noma nomod nonu nowrap ro nobl

*g:netrw_chgwin*	specifies a window number where subsequent file edits
		will take place.  (also see |netrw-C|)
		(default) -1

*g:Netrw_funcref*	specifies a function (or functions) to be called when
		netrw edits a file.  The file is first edited, and
		then the function reference (|Funcref|) is called.
		This variable may also hold a |List| of Funcrefs.
		(default) not defined.  (the capital in g:Netrw...
		is required by its holding a function reference)
>
		    Example: place in .vimrc; affects all file opening
		    fun! MyFuncRef()
		    endfun
		    let g:Netrw_funcref= function("MyFuncRef")

<
*g:Netrw_UserMaps*	specifies a function or |List| of functions which can
		be used to set up user-specified maps and functionality.
		See |netrw-usermaps|

*g:netrw_ftp*		   if it doesn't exist, use default ftp
		=0 use default ftp		       (uid password)
		=1 use alternate ftp method	  (user uid password)
		   If you're having trouble with ftp, try changing the
		   value of this variable to see if the alternate ftp
		   method works for your setup.

*g:netrw_ftp_options*     Chosen by default, these options are supposed to
		 turn interactive prompting off and to restrain ftp
		 from attempting auto-login upon initial connection.
		 However, it appears that not all ftp implementations
		 support this (ex. ncftp).
	        ="-i -n"

*g:netrw_ftpextracmd*	default: doesn't exist
		If this variable exists, then any string it contains
		will be placed into the commands set to your ftp
		client.  As an example:
		   ="passive"

*g:netrw_ftpmode*	="binary"				    (default)
		="ascii"

*g:netrw_ignorenetrc*	=0 (default for linux, cygwin)
		=1 If you have a <.netrc> file but it doesn't work and
		   you want it ignored, then set this variable as
		   shown. (default for Windows + cmd.exe)

*g:netrw_menu*		=0 disable netrw's menu
		=1 (default) netrw's menu enabled

*g:netrw_uid*		(ftp) user-id,      retained on a per-vim-session basis
*s:netrw_passwd*	(ftp) password,     retained on a per-vim-session basis

*g:netrw_preview*	=0 (default) preview window shown in a horizontally
		   split window
		=1 preview window shown in a vertically split window.
		   Also affects the "previous window" (see |netrw-P|)
		   in the same way.
		The |g:netrw_alto| variable may be used to provide
		additional splitting control:
			g:netrw_preview g:netrw_alto result
			         0             0     |:aboveleft|
			         0             1     |:belowright|
			         1             0     |:topleft|
			         1             1     |:botright|
		To control sizing, see |g:netrw_winsize|

*g:netrw_scpport*	= "-P" : option to use to set port for scp
*g:netrw_sshport*	= "-p" : option to use to set port for ssh

*g:netrw_sepchr*	=\0xff
		=\0x01 for enc == euc-jp (and perhaps it should be for
		   others, too, please let me know)
		   Separates priority codes from filenames internally.
		   See |netrw-p12|.

 *g:netrw_silent*	=0 : transfers done normally
		=1 : transfers done silently

*g:netrw_cygwin*	=1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin. Also
		   permits network browsing to use ls with time and
		   size sorting (default if windows)
		=0 assume Windows' scp accepts windows-style paths
		   Network browsing uses dir instead of ls
		   This option is ignored if you're using unix

*g:netrw_use_nt_rcp*	=0 don't use the rcp of WinNT, Win2000 and WinXP
		=1 use WinNT's rcp in binary mode         (default)

PATHS							*netrw-path* {{{2

Paths to files are generally user-directory relative for most protocols.
It is possible that some protocol will make paths relative to some
associated directory, however.
>
example:  vim scp://user@host/somefile
example:  vim scp://user@host/subdir1/subdir2/somefile
<
where "somefile" is in the "user"'s home directory.  If you wish to get a
file using root-relative paths, use the full path:
>
example:  vim scp://user@host//somefile
example:  vim scp://user@host//subdir1/subdir2/somefile
<

==============================================================================
4. Network-Oriented File Transfer			*netrw-xfer* {{{1

Network-oriented file transfer under Vim is implemented by a Vim script
(<netrw.vim>) using plugin techniques.  It currently supports both reading and
writing across networks using rcp, scp, ftp or ftp+<.netrc>, scp, fetch,
dav/cadaver, rsync, or sftp.

http is currently supported read-only via use of wget or fetch.

<netrw.vim> is a standard plugin which acts as glue between Vim and the
various file transfer programs.  It uses autocommand events (BufReadCmd,
FileReadCmd, BufWriteCmd) to intercept reads/writes with url-like filenames. >

ex. vim ftp://hostname/path/to/file
<
The characters preceding the colon specify the protocol to use; in the
example, it's ftp.  The <netrw.vim> script then formulates a command or a
series of commands (typically ftp) which it issues to an external program
(ftp, scp, etc) which does the actual file transfer/protocol.  Files are read
from/written to a temporary file (under Unix/Linux, /tmp/...) which the
<netrw.vim> script will clean up.

Now, a word about Jan Minář's "FTP User Name and Password Disclosure"; first,
ftp is not a secure protocol.  User names and passwords are transmitted "in
the clear" over the internet; any snooper tool can pick these up; this is not
a netrw thing, this is a ftp thing.  If you're concerned about this, please
try to use scp or sftp instead.

Netrw re-uses the user id and password during the same vim session and so long
as the remote hostname remains the same.

Jan seems to be a bit confused about how netrw handles ftp; normally multiple
commands are performed in a "ftp session", and he seems to feel that the
uid/password should only be retained over one ftp session.  However, netrw
does every ftp operation in a separate "ftp session"; so remembering the
uid/password for just one "ftp session" would be the same as not remembering
the uid/password at all.  IMHO this would rapidly grow tiresome as one
browsed remote directories, for example.

On the other hand, thanks go to Jan M. for pointing out the many
vulnerabilities that netrw (and vim itself) had had in handling "crafted"
filenames.  The |shellescape()| and |fnameescape()| functions were written in
response by Bram Moolenaar to handle these sort of problems, and netrw has
been modified to use them.  Still, my advice is, if the "filename" looks like
a vim command that you aren't comfortable with having executed, don't open it.

			*netrw-putty* *netrw-pscp* *netrw-psftp*
One may modify any protocol's implementing external application by setting a
variable (ex. scp uses the variable g:netrw_scp_cmd, which is defaulted to
"scp -q").  As an example, consider using PuTTY: >

let g:netrw_scp_cmd = '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\pscp.exe" -q -batch'
let g:netrw_sftp_cmd= '"c:\Program Files\PuTTY\psftp.exe"'
<
(note: it has been reported that windows 7 with putty v0.6's "-batch" option
      doesn't work, so its best to leave it off for that system)

See |netrw-p8| for more about putty, pscp, psftp, etc.

Ftp, an old protocol, seems to be blessed by numerous implementations.
Unfortunately, some implementations are noisy (ie., add junk to the end of the
file).  Thus, concerned users may decide to write a NetReadFixup() function
that will clean up after reading with their ftp.  Some Unix systems (ie.,
FreeBSD) provide a utility called "fetch" which uses the ftp protocol but is
not noisy and more convenient, actually, for <netrw.vim> to use.
Consequently, if "fetch" is available (ie. executable), it may be preferable
to use it for ftp://... based transfers.

For rcp, scp, sftp, and http, one may use network-oriented file transfers
transparently; ie.
>
vim rcp://[user@]machine/path
vim scp://[user@]machine/path
<
If your ftp supports <.netrc>, then it too can be transparently used
if the needed triad of machine name, user id, and password are present in
that file.  Your ftp must be able to use the <.netrc> file on its own, however.
>
vim ftp://[user@]machine[[:#]portnumber]/path
<
Windows provides an ftp (typically c:\Windows\System32\ftp.exe) which uses
an option, -s:filename (filename can and probably should be a full path)
which contains ftp commands which will be automatically run whenever ftp
starts.  You may use this feature to enter a user and password for one site: >
userid
password
<				*netrw-windows-netrc*  *netrw-windows-s*
If |g:netrw_ftp_cmd| contains -s:[path/]MACHINE, then (on Windows machines
only) netrw will substitute the current machine name requested for ftp
connections for MACHINE.  Hence one can have multiple machine.ftp files
containing login and password for ftp.  Example: >

   let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= 'c:\Windows\System32\ftp -s:C:\Users\Myself\MACHINE'
   vim ftp://myhost.somewhere.net/

will use a file >

C:\Users\Myself\myhost.ftp
<
Often, ftp will need to query the user for the userid and password.
The latter will be done "silently"; ie. asterisks will show up instead of
the actually-typed-in password.  Netrw will retain the userid and password
for subsequent read/writes from the most recent transfer so subsequent
transfers (read/write) to or from that machine will take place without
additional prompting.

							*netrw-urls*
 +=================================+============================+============+
 |  Reading                        | Writing                    |  Uses      |
 +=================================+============================+============+
 | DAV:                            |                            |            |
 |  dav://host/path                |                            | cadaver    |
 |  :Nread dav://host/path         | :Nwrite dav://host/path    | cadaver    |
 +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
 | DAV + SSL:                      |                            |            |
 |  davs://host/path               |                            | cadaver    |
 |  :Nread davs://host/path        | :Nwrite davs://host/path   | cadaver    |
 +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
 | FETCH:                          |                            |            |
 |  fetch://[user@]host/path       |                            |            |
 |  fetch://[user@]host:http/path  |  Not Available             | fetch      |
 |  :Nread fetch://[user@]host/path|                            |            |
 +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
 | FILE:                           |                            |            |
 |  file:///*                      | file:///*                  |            |
 |  file://localhost/*             | file://localhost/*         |            |
 +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
 | FTP:          (*3)              |              (*3)          |            |
 |  ftp://[user@]host/path         | ftp://[user@]host/path     | ftp  (*2)  |
 |  :Nread ftp://host/path         | :Nwrite ftp://host/path    | ftp+.netrc |
 |  :Nread host path               | :Nwrite host path          | ftp+.netrc |
 |  :Nread host uid pass path      | :Nwrite host uid pass path | ftp        |
 +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
 | HTTP: wget is executable: (*4)  |                            |            |
 |  http://[user@]host/path        |        Not Available       | wget       |
 +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
 | HTTP: fetch is executable (*4)  |                            |            |
 |  http://[user@]host/path        |        Not Available       | fetch      |
 +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
 | RCP:                            |                            |            |
 |  rcp://[user@]host/path         | rcp://[user@]host/path     | rcp        |
 +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
 | RSYNC:                          |                            |            |
 |  rsync://[user@]host/path       | rsync://[user@]host/path   | rsync      |
 |  :Nread rsync://host/path       | :Nwrite rsync://host/path  | rsync      |
 |  :Nread rcp://host/path         | :Nwrite rcp://host/path    | rcp        |
 +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
 | SCP:                            |                            |            |
 |  scp://[user@]host/path         | scp://[user@]host/path     | scp        |
 |  :Nread scp://host/path         | :Nwrite scp://host/path    | scp  (*1)  |
 +---------------------------------+----------------------------+------------+
 | SFTP:                           |                            |            |
 |  sftp://[user@]host/path        | sftp://[user@]host/path    | sftp       |
 |  :Nread sftp://host/path        | :Nwrite sftp://host/path   | sftp  (*1) |
 +=================================+============================+============+

(*1) For an absolute path use scp://machine//path.

(*2) if <.netrc> is present, it is assumed that it will
work with your ftp client.  Otherwise the script will
prompt for user-id and password.

(*3) for ftp, "machine" may be machine#port or machine:port
if a different port is needed than the standard ftp port

(*4) for http:..., if wget is available it will be used.  Otherwise,
if fetch is available it will be used.

Both the :Nread and the :Nwrite ex-commands can accept multiple filenames.


NETRC							*netrw-netrc*

The <.netrc> file, typically located in your home directory, contains lines
therein which map a hostname (machine name) to the user id and password you
prefer to use with it.

The typical syntax for lines in a <.netrc> file is given as shown below.
Ftp under Unix usually supports <.netrc>; ftp under Windows usually doesn't.
>
machine {full machine name} login {user-id} password "{password}"
default login {user-id} password "{password}"

Your ftp client must handle the use of <.netrc> on its own, but if the
<.netrc> file exists, an ftp transfer will not ask for the user-id or
password.

Note:
Since this file contains passwords, make very sure nobody else can
read this file!  Most programs will refuse to use a .netrc that is
readable for others.  Don't forget that the system administrator can
still read the file!  Ie. for Linux/Unix: chmod 600 .netrc

Even though Windows' ftp clients typically do not support .netrc, netrw has
a work-around: see |netrw-windows-s|.


PASSWORD						*netrw-passwd*

The script attempts to get passwords for ftp invisibly using |inputsecret()|,
a built-in Vim function.  See |netrw-userpass| for how to change the password
after one has set it.

Unfortunately there doesn't appear to be a way for netrw to feed a password to
scp.  Thus every transfer via scp will require re-entry of the password.
However, |netrw-ssh-hack| can help with this problem.


==============================================================================
5. Activation						*netrw-activate* {{{1

Network-oriented file transfers are available by default whenever Vim's
'nocompatible' mode is enabled.  Netrw's script files reside in your
system's plugin, autoload, and syntax directories; just the
plugin/netrwPlugin.vim script is sourced automatically whenever you bring up
vim.  The main script in autoload/netrw.vim is only loaded when you actually
use netrw.  I suggest that, at a minimum, you have at least the following in
your <.vimrc> customization file: >

set nocp
if version >= 600
  filetype plugin indent on
endif
<
By also including the following lines in your .vimrc, one may have netrw
immediately activate when using [g]vim without any filenames, showing the
current directory: >

" Augroup VimStartup:
augroup VimStartup
  au!
  au VimEnter * if expand("%") == "" | e . | endif
augroup END
<

==============================================================================
6. Transparent Remote File Editing		*netrw-transparent* {{{1

Transparent file transfers occur whenever a regular file read or write
(invoked via an |:autocmd| for |BufReadCmd|, |BufWriteCmd|, or |SourceCmd|
events) is made.  Thus one may read, write, or source  files across networks
just as easily as if they were local files! >

vim ftp://[user@]machine/path
...
:wq

See |netrw-activate| for more on how to encourage your vim to use plugins
such as netrw.

For password-free use of scp:, see |netrw-ssh-hack|.


==============================================================================
7. Ex Commands						*netrw-ex* {{{1

The usual read/write commands are supported.  There are also a few
additional commands available.  Often you won't need to use Nwrite or
Nread as shown in |netrw-transparent| (ie. simply use >
 :e URL
 :r URL
 :w URL
instead, as appropriate) -- see |netrw-urls|.  In the explanations
below, a {netfile} is a URL to a remote file.

					*:Nwrite*  *:Nw*
:[range]Nw[rite]	Write the specified lines to the current
	file as specified in b:netrw_lastfile.
	(related: |netrw-nwrite|)

:[range]Nw[rite] {netfile} [{netfile}]...
	Write the specified lines to the {netfile}.

					*:Nread*   *:Nr*
:Nr[ead]	Read the lines from the file specified in b:netrw_lastfile
	into the current buffer.  (related: |netrw-nread|)

:Nr[ead] {netfile} {netfile}...
	Read the {netfile} after the current line.

					*:Nsource* *:Ns*
:Ns[ource] {netfile}
	Source the {netfile}.
	To start up vim using a remote .vimrc, one may use
	the following (all on one line) (tnx to Antoine Mechelynck) >
	vim -u NORC -N
	 --cmd "runtime plugin/netrwPlugin.vim"
	 --cmd "source scp://HOSTNAME/.vimrc"
<		 (related: |netrw-source|)

:call NetUserPass()				*NetUserPass()*
	If g:netrw_uid and s:netrw_passwd don't exist,
	this function will query the user for them.
	(related: |netrw-userpass|)

:call NetUserPass("userid")
	This call will set the g:netrw_uid and, if
	the password doesn't exist, will query the user for it.
	(related: |netrw-userpass|)

:call NetUserPass("userid","passwd")
	This call will set both the g:netrw_uid and s:netrw_passwd.
	The user-id and password are used by ftp transfers.  One may
	effectively remove the user-id and password by using empty
	strings (ie. "").
	(related: |netrw-userpass|)


==============================================================================
8. Variables and Options		*netrw-var* *netrw-settings* {{{1

(also see: |netrw-options| |netrw-variables| |netrw-protocol|
          |netrw-browser-settings| |netrw-browser-options| )

The <netrw.vim> script provides several variables which act as options to
affect <netrw.vim>'s file transfer behavior.  These variables typically may be
set in the user's <.vimrc> file: (see also |netrw-settings| |netrw-protocol|)
					*netrw-options*
>
                       -------------
                       Netrw Options
                       -------------
Option			Meaning
--------------		-----------------------------------------------
<
       b:netrw_col             Holds current cursor position (during NetWrite)
       g:netrw_cygwin          =1 assume scp under windows is from cygwin
                                                             (default/windows)
                               =0 assume scp under windows accepts windows
                                  style paths                (default/else)
       g:netrw_ftp             =0 use default ftp            (uid password)
       g:netrw_ftpmode         ="binary"                     (default)
                               ="ascii"                      (your choice)
g:netrw_ignorenetrc     =1                            (default)
                           if you have a <.netrc> file but you don't
			   want it used, then set this variable.  Its
			   mere existence is enough to cause <.netrc>
			   to be ignored.
       b:netrw_lastfile        Holds latest method/machine/path.
       b:netrw_line            Holds current line number     (during NetWrite)
g:netrw_silent          =0 transfers done normally
                        =1 transfers done silently
       g:netrw_uid             Holds current user-id for ftp.
       g:netrw_use_nt_rcp      =0 don't use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp (default)
                               =1 use WinNT/2K/XP's rcp, binary mode
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
<
					*netrw-internal-variables*
The script will also make use of the following variables internally, albeit
temporarily.
>
		     -------------------
		     Temporary Variables
		     -------------------
Variable		Meaning
--------		------------------------------------
<
b:netrw_method		Index indicating rcp/ftp+.netrc/ftp
w:netrw_method		(same as b:netrw_method)
g:netrw_machine		Holds machine name parsed from input
b:netrw_fname		Holds filename being accessed >
------------------------------------------------------------
<
						*netrw-protocol*

Netrw supports a number of protocols.  These protocols are invoked using the
variables listed below, and may be modified by the user.
>
		   ------------------------
                          Protocol Control Options
		   ------------------------
   Option            Type        Setting         Meaning
   ---------         --------    --------------  ---------------------------
<    netrw_ftp         variable    =doesn't exist  userid set by "user userid"
                                 =0              userid set by "user userid"
                                 =1              userid set by "userid"
   NetReadFixup      function    =doesn't exist  no change
                                 =exists         Allows user to have files
                                                 read via ftp automatically
                                                 transformed however they wish
                                                 by NetReadFixup()
   g:netrw_dav_cmd      var   ="cadaver"      if cadaver  is executable
   g:netrw_dav_cmd      var   ="curl -o"      elseif curl is executable
   g:netrw_fetch_cmd    var   ="fetch -o"     if fetch is available
   g:netrw_ftp_cmd      var   ="ftp"
   g:netrw_http_cmd     var   ="fetch -o"     if      fetch is available
   g:netrw_http_cmd     var   ="wget -O"      else if wget  is available
   g:netrw_http_put_cmd var   ="curl -T"
   |g:netrw_list_cmd|     var   ="ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME ls -Fa"
   g:netrw_rcp_cmd      var   ="rcp"
   g:netrw_rsync_cmd    var   ="rsync"
   *g:netrw_rsync_sep*    var   ="/"            used to separate the hostname
                                              from the file spec
   g:netrw_scp_cmd      var   ="scp -q"
   g:netrw_sftp_cmd     var   ="sftp" >
   -------------------------------------------------------------------------
<
							*netrw-ftp*

The g:netrw_..._cmd options (|g:netrw_ftp_cmd| and |g:netrw_sftp_cmd|)
specify the external program to use handle the ftp protocol.  They may
include command line options (such as -p for passive mode). Example: >

let g:netrw_ftp_cmd= "ftp -p"
<
Browsing is supported by using the |g:netrw_list_cmd|; the substring
"HOSTNAME" will be changed via substitution with whatever the current request
is for a hostname.

Two options (|g:netrw_ftp| and |netrw-fixup|) both help with certain ftp's
that give trouble .  In order to best understand how to use these options if
ftp is giving you troubles, a bit of discussion is provided on how netrw does
ftp reads.

For ftp, netrw typically builds up lines of one of the following formats in a
temporary file:
>
 IF g:netrw_ftp !exists or is not 1     IF g:netrw_ftp exists and is 1
 ----------------------------------     ------------------------------
<
      open machine [port]                    open machine [port]
      user userid password                   userid password
      [g:netrw_ftpmode]                      password
      [g:netrw_ftpextracmd]                  [g:netrw_ftpmode]
      get filename tempfile                  [g:netrw_extracmd]
                                             get filename tempfile >
 ---------------------------------------------------------------------
<
The |g:netrw_ftpmode| and |g:netrw_ftpextracmd| are optional.

Netrw then executes the lines above by use of a filter:
>
:%! {g:netrw_ftp_cmd} -i [-n]
<
where
g:netrw_ftp_cmd is usually "ftp",
-i tells ftp not to be interactive
-n means don't use netrc and is used for Method #3 (ftp w/o <.netrc>)

If <.netrc> exists it will be used to avoid having to query the user for
userid and password.  The transferred file is put into a temporary file.
The temporary file is then read into the main editing session window that
requested it and the temporary file deleted.

If your ftp doesn't accept the "user" command and immediately just demands a
userid, then try putting "let netrw_ftp=1" in your <.vimrc>.

							*netrw-cadaver*
To handle the SSL certificate dialog for untrusted servers, one may pull
down the certificate and place it into /usr/ssl/cert.pem.  This operation
renders the server treatment as "trusted".

					*netrw-fixup* *netreadfixup*
If your ftp for whatever reason generates unwanted lines (such as AUTH
messages) you may write a NetReadFixup() function:
>
   function! NetReadFixup(method,line1,line2)
     " a:line1: first new line in current file
     " a:line2: last  new line in current file
     if     a:method == 1 "rcp
     elseif a:method == 2 "ftp + <.netrc>
     elseif a:method == 3 "ftp + machine,uid,password,filename
     elseif a:method == 4 "scp
     elseif a:method == 5 "http/wget
     elseif a:method == 6 "dav/cadaver
     elseif a:method == 7 "rsync
     elseif a:method == 8 "fetch
     elseif a:method == 9 "sftp
     else               " complain
     endif
   endfunction
>
The NetReadFixup() function will be called if it exists and thus allows you to
customize your reading process.

(Related topics: |ftp| |netrw-userpass| |netrw-start|)

==============================================================================
9. Browsing		*netrw-browsing* *netrw-browse* *netrw-help* {{{1
		*netrw-browser*  *netrw-dir*    *netrw-list*

INTRODUCTION TO BROWSING			*netrw-intro-browse* {{{2
(Quick References: |netrw-quickmaps| |netrw-quickcoms|)

Netrw supports the browsing of directories on your local system and on remote
hosts; browsing includes listing files and directories, entering directories,
editing files therein, deleting files/directories, making new directories,
moving (renaming) files and directories, copying files and directories, etc.
One may mark files and execute any system command on them!  The Netrw browser
generally implements the previous explorer's maps and commands for remote
directories, although details (such as pertinent global variable names)
necessarily differ.  To browse a directory, simply "edit" it! >

vim /your/directory/
vim .
vim c:\your\directory\
<
(Related topics: |netrw-cr|  |netrw-o|  |netrw-p| |netrw-P| |netrw-t|
                |netrw-mf|  |netrw-mx| |netrw-D| |netrw-R| |netrw-v| )

The Netrw remote file and directory browser handles two protocols: ssh and
ftp.  The protocol in the url, if it is ftp, will cause netrw also to use ftp
in its remote browsing.  Specifying any other protocol will cause it to be
used for file transfers; but the ssh protocol will be used to do remote
browsing.

To use Netrw's remote directory browser, simply attempt to read a "file" with
a trailing slash and it will be interpreted as a request to list a directory:
>
vim [protocol]://[user@]hostname/path/
<
where [protocol] is typically scp or ftp.  As an example, try: >

vim ftp://ftp.home.vim.org/pub/vim/
<
For local directories, the trailing slash is not required.  Again, because it's
easy to miss: to browse remote directories, the URL must terminate with a
slash!

If you'd like to avoid entering the password repeatedly for remote directory
listings with ssh or scp, see |netrw-ssh-hack|.  To avoid password entry with
ftp, see |netrw-netrc| (if your ftp supports it).

There are several things you can do to affect the browser's display of files:

* To change the listing style, press the "i" key (|netrw-i|).
  Currently there are four styles: thin, long, wide, and tree.
  To make that change "permanent", see |g:netrw_liststyle|.

* To hide files (don't want to see those xyz~ files anymore?) see
  |netrw-ctrl-h|.

* Press s to sort files by name, time, or size.

See |netrw-browse-cmds| for all the things you can do with netrw!

		*netrw-getftype* *netrw-filigree* *netrw-ftype*
The |getftype()| function is used to append a bit of filigree to indicate
filetype to locally listed files:

directory  : /
executable : *
fifo       : |
links      : @
sockets    : =

The filigree also affects the |g:netrw_sort_sequence|.


QUICK HELP						*netrw-quickhelp* {{{2
                      (Use ctrl-] to select a topic)~
Intro to Browsing...............................|netrw-intro-browse|
  Quick Reference: Maps.........................|netrw-quickmap|
  Quick Reference: Commands.....................|netrw-browse-cmds|
Hiding
  Edit hiding list..............................|netrw-ctrl-h|
  Hiding Files or Directories...................|netrw-a|
  Hiding/Unhiding by suffix.....................|netrw-mh|
  Hiding  dot-files.............................|netrw-gh|
Listing Style
  Select listing style (thin/long/wide/tree)....|netrw-i|
  Associated setting variable...................|g:netrw_liststyle|
  Shell command used to perform listing.........|g:netrw_list_cmd|
  Quick file info...............................|netrw-qf|
Sorted by
  Select sorting style (name/time/size).........|netrw-s|
  Editing the sorting sequence..................|netrw-S|
  Sorting options...............................|g:netrw_sort_options|
  Associated setting variable...................|g:netrw_sort_sequence|
  Reverse sorting order.........................|netrw-r|


			*netrw-quickmap*  *netrw-quickmaps*
QUICK REFERENCE: MAPS				*netrw-browse-maps* {{{2
>
  ---			-----------------			----
  Map			Quick Explanation			Link
  ---			-----------------			----
<	 <F1>	Causes Netrw to issue help
 <cr>	Netrw will enter the directory or read the file      |netrw-cr|
 <del>	Netrw will attempt to remove the file/directory      |netrw-del|
 <c-h>	Edit file hiding list                                |netrw-ctrl-h|
 <c-l>	Causes Netrw to refresh the directory listing        |netrw-ctrl-l|
 <c-r>	Browse using a gvim server                           |netrw-ctrl-r|
 <c-tab> Shrink/expand a netrw/explore window                |netrw-c-tab|
   -	Makes Netrw go up one directory                      |netrw--|
   a	Cycles between normal display,                       |netrw-a|
	hiding (suppress display of files matching g:netrw_list_hide)
	and showing (display only files which match g:netrw_list_hide)
   cd	Make browsing directory the current directory        |netrw-cd|
   C	Setting the editing window                           |netrw-C|
   d	Make a directory                                     |netrw-d|
   D	Attempt to remove the file(s)/directory(ies)         |netrw-D|
   gb	Go to previous bookmarked directory                  |netrw-gb|
   gd	Force treatment as directory                         |netrw-gd|
   gf	Force treatment as file                              |netrw-gf|
   gh	Quick hide/unhide of dot-files                       |netrw-gh|
   gn	Make top of tree the directory below the cursor      |netrw-gn|
   gp	Change local-only file permissions                   |netrw-gp|
   i	Cycle between thin, long, wide, and tree listings    |netrw-i|
   I	Toggle the displaying of the banner                  |netrw-I|
   mb	Bookmark current directory                           |netrw-mb|
   mc	Copy marked files to marked-file target directory    |netrw-mc|
   md	Apply diff to marked files (up to 3)                 |netrw-md|
   me	Place marked files on arg list and edit them         |netrw-me|
   mf	Mark a file                                          |netrw-mf|
   mF	Unmark files                                         |netrw-mF|
   mg	Apply vimgrep to marked files                        |netrw-mg|
   mh	Toggle marked file suffices' presence on hiding list |netrw-mh|
   mm	Move marked files to marked-file target directory    |netrw-mm|
   mr	Mark files using a shell-style |regexp|                |netrw-mr|
   mt	Current browsing directory becomes markfile target   |netrw-mt|
   mT	Apply ctags to marked files                          |netrw-mT|
   mu	Unmark all marked files                              |netrw-mu|
   mv	Apply arbitrary vim   command to marked files        |netrw-mv|
   mx	Apply arbitrary shell command to marked files        |netrw-mx|
   mX	Apply arbitrary shell command to marked files en bloc|netrw-mX|
   mz	Compress/decompress marked files                     |netrw-mz|
   o	Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new   |netrw-o|
	browser window.  A horizontal split is used.
   O	Obtain a file specified by cursor                    |netrw-O|
   p	Preview the file                                     |netrw-p|
   P	Browse in the previously used window                 |netrw-P|
   qb	List bookmarked directories and history              |netrw-qb|
   qf	Display information on file                          |netrw-qf|
   qF	Mark files using a quickfix list                     |netrw-qF|
   qL	Mark files using a |location-list|                     |netrw-qL|
   r	Reverse sorting order                                |netrw-r|
   R	Rename the designated file(s)/directory(ies)         |netrw-R|
   s	Select sorting style: by name, time, or file size    |netrw-s|
   S	Specify suffix priority for name-sorting             |netrw-S|
   t	Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new tab|netrw-t|
   u	Change to recently-visited directory                 |netrw-u|
   U	Change to subsequently-visited directory             |netrw-U|
   v	Enter the file/directory under the cursor in a new   |netrw-v|
	browser window.  A vertical split is used.
   x	View file with an associated program
   X	Execute filename under cursor via |system()|           |netrw-X|

   %	Open a new file in netrw's current directory         |netrw-%|

*netrw-mouse* *netrw-leftmouse* *netrw-middlemouse* *netrw-rightmouse*
<leftmouse>	(gvim only) selects word under mouse as if a <cr>
		had been pressed (ie. edit file, change directory)
<middlemouse>	(gvim only) same as P selecting word under mouse;
		see |netrw-P|
<rightmouse>	(gvim only) delete file/directory using word under
		mouse
<2-leftmouse>	(gvim only) when:
		 * in a netrw-selected file, AND
		 * |g:netrw_retmap| == 1       AND
		 * the user doesn't already have a <2-leftmouse>
		   mapping defined before netrw is autoloaded,
		then a double clicked leftmouse button will return
		to the netrw browser window.  See |g:netrw_retmap|.
<s-leftmouse>	(gvim only) like mf, will mark files.  Dragging
		the shifted leftmouse will mark multiple files.
		(see |netrw-mf|)

(to disable mouse buttons while browsing: |g:netrw_mousemaps|)

			*netrw-quickcom* *netrw-quickcoms*
QUICK REFERENCE: COMMANDS	*netrw-explore-cmds* *netrw-browse-cmds* {{{2
    :Ntree....................................................|netrw-ntree|
    :Explore[!]  [dir] Explore directory of current file......|netrw-explore|
    :Hexplore[!] [dir] Horizontal Split & Explore.............|netrw-explore|
    :Lexplore[!] [dir] Left Explorer Toggle...................|netrw-explore|
    :Nexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|
    :Pexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|
    :Rexplore          Return to Explorer.....................|netrw-explore|
    :Sexplore[!] [dir] Split & Explore directory .............|netrw-explore|
    :Texplore[!] [dir] Tab & Explore..........................|netrw-explore|
    :Vexplore[!] [dir] Vertical Split & Explore...............|netrw-explore|


BANNER DISPLAY						*netrw-I*

One may toggle the displaying of the banner by pressing "I".

Also See: |g:netrw_banner|


BOOKMARKING A DIRECTORY		*netrw-mb* *netrw-bookmark* *netrw-bookmarks* {{{2

One may easily "bookmark" the currently browsed directory by using >

mb
<
							*.netrwbook*
Bookmarks are retained in between sessions of vim in a file called .netrwbook
as a |List|, which is typically stored in the first directory on the user's
'runtimepath'; entries are kept in sorted order.

If there are marked files and/or directories, mb will add them to the bookmark
list.

							*netrw-:NetrwMB*
Additionally, one may use :NetrwMB to bookmark files or directories. >

:NetrwMB[!] [files/directories]

< No bang: enters files/directories into Netrw's bookmark system

  No argument and in netrw buffer:
    if there are marked files        : bookmark marked files
    otherwise                        : bookmark file/directory under cursor
  No argument and not in netrw buffer: bookmarks current open file
  Has arguments                      : |glob()|s each arg and bookmarks them

With bang: deletes files/directories from Netrw's bookmark system

The :NetrwMB command is available outside of netrw buffers (once netrw has been
invoked in the session).

The file ".netrwbook" holds bookmarks when netrw (and vim) is not active.  By
default, its stored on the first directory on the user's 'runtimepath'.

Related Topics:
|netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark
|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks
|g:netrw_home| controls where .netrwbook is kept


BROWSING					*netrw-enter*	*netrw-cr* {{{2

Browsing is simple: move the cursor onto a file or directory of interest.
Hitting the <cr> (the return key) will select the file or directory.
Directories will themselves be listed, and files will be opened using the
protocol given in the original read request.

 CAVEAT: There are four forms of listing (see |netrw-i|).  Netrw assumes that
 two or more spaces delimit filenames and directory names for the long and
 wide listing formats.  Thus, if your filename or directory name has two or
 more sequential spaces embedded in it, or any trailing spaces, then you'll
 need to use the "thin" format to select it.

The |g:netrw_browse_split| option, which is zero by default, may be used to
cause the opening of files to be done in a new window or tab instead of the
default.  When the option is one or two, the splitting will be taken
horizontally or vertically, respectively.  When the option is set to three, a
<cr> will cause the file to appear in a new tab.


When using the gui (gvim), one may select a file by pressing the <leftmouse>
button.  In addition, if

* |g:netrw_retmap| == 1       AND   (its default value is 0)
* in a netrw-selected file, AND
* the user doesn't already have a <2-leftmouse> mapping defined before
  netrw is loaded

then a doubly-clicked leftmouse button will return to the netrw browser
window.

Netrw attempts to speed up browsing, especially for remote browsing where one
may have to enter passwords, by keeping and re-using previously obtained
directory listing buffers.  The |g:netrw_fastbrowse| variable is used to
control this behavior; one may have slow browsing (no buffer re-use), medium
speed browsing (re-use directory buffer listings only for remote directories),
and fast browsing (re-use directory buffer listings as often as possible).
The price for such re-use is that when changes are made (such as new files
are introduced into a directory), the listing may become out-of-date.  One may
always refresh directory listing buffers by pressing ctrl-L (see
|netrw-ctrl-l|).

							*netrw-s-cr*
Squeezing the Current Tree-Listing Directory~

When the tree listing style is enabled (see |netrw-i|) and one is using
gvim, then the <s-cr> mapping may be used to squeeze (close) the
directory currently containing the cursor.

Otherwise, one may remap a key combination of one's own choice to get
this effect: >

   nmap <buffer> <silent> <nowait> YOURKEYCOMBO  <Plug>NetrwTreeSqueeze
<
Put this line in $HOME/ftplugin/netrw/netrw.vim; it needs to be generated
for netrw buffers only.

Related topics:
|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
  |g:netrw_browse_split|	|g:netrw_fastbrowse|
  |g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd|	|g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd|
  |g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd|	|g:netrw_ssh_browse_reject|
  |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|		|g:netrw_use_noswf|


BROWSING WITH A HORIZONTALLY SPLIT WINDOW	*netrw-o* *netrw-horiz* {{{2

Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>.  However, the "o" map
allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file.  A
horizontal split is used.  (for vertical splitting, see |netrw-v|)

Normally, the o key splits the window horizontally with the new window and
cursor at the top.

Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_alto| |g:netrw_winsize|

Related topics:
|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
  |g:netrw_alto|    control above/below splitting
  |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing

BROWSING WITH A NEW TAB				*netrw-t* {{{2

Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>.  The "t" map
allows one to open a new window holding the new directory listing or file in
a new tab.

If you'd like to have the new listing in a background tab, use |gT|.

Related topics:
|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
  |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing

BROWSING WITH A VERTICALLY SPLIT WINDOW			*netrw-v* {{{2

Normally one enters a file or directory using the <cr>.  However, the "v" map
allows one to open a new window to hold the new directory listing or file.  A
vertical split is used.  (for horizontal splitting, see |netrw-o|)

Normally, the v key splits the window vertically with the new window and
cursor at the left.

There is only one tree listing buffer; using "v" on a displayed subdirectory
will split the screen, but the same buffer will be shown twice.

Related topics:
|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
  |g:netrw_altv|    control right/left splitting
  |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing


BROWSING USING A GVIM SERVER			*netrw-ctrl-r* {{{2

One may keep a browsing gvim separate from the gvim being used to edit.
Use the <c-r> map on a file (not a directory) in the netrw browser, and it
will use a gvim server (see |g:netrw_servername|).  Subsequent use of <cr>
(see |netrw-cr|) will re-use that server for editing files.

Related topics:
|netrw-ctrl-r|	|netrw-o|	|netrw-p|
|netrw-P|	|netrw-t|	|netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
|g:netrw_servername|   : sets name of server
|g:netrw_browse_split| : controls how <cr> will open files


CHANGE LISTING STYLE  (THIN LONG WIDE TREE)			*netrw-i* {{{2

The "i" map cycles between the thin, long, wide, and tree listing formats.

The thin listing format gives just the files' and directories' names.

The long listing is either based on the "ls" command via ssh for remote
directories or displays the filename, file size (in bytes), and the time and
date of last modification for local directories.  With the long listing
format, netrw is not able to recognize filenames which have trailing spaces.
Use the thin listing format for such files.

The wide listing format uses two or more contiguous spaces to delineate
filenames; when using that format, netrw won't be able to recognize or use
filenames which have two or more contiguous spaces embedded in the name or any
trailing spaces.  The thin listing format will, however, work with such files.
The wide listing format is the most compact.

The tree listing format has a top directory followed by files and directories
preceded by one or more "|"s, which indicate the directory depth.  One may
open and close directories by pressing the <cr> key while atop the directory
name.

One may make a preferred listing style your default; see |g:netrw_liststyle|.
As an example, by putting the following line in your .vimrc, >
let g:netrw_liststyle= 3
the tree style will become your default listing style.

One typical way to use the netrw tree display is to: >

vim .
(use i until a tree display shows)
navigate to a file
v  (edit as desired in vertically split window)
ctrl-w h  (to return to the netrw listing)
P (edit newly selected file in the previous window)
ctrl-w h  (to return to the netrw listing)
P (edit newly selected file in the previous window)
...etc...
<
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_liststyle| |g:netrw_maxfilenamelen|
                             |g:netrw_timefmt|   |g:netrw_list_cmd|

CHANGE FILE PERMISSION						*netrw-gp* {{{2

"gp" will ask you for a new permission for the file named under the cursor.
Currently, this only works for local files.

Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_chgperm|


CHANGING TO A BOOKMARKED DIRECTORY			*netrw-gb*  {{{2

To change directory back to a bookmarked directory, use

{cnt}gb

Any count may be used to reference any of the bookmarks.
Note that |netrw-qb| shows both bookmarks and history; to go
to a location stored in the history see |netrw-u| and |netrw-U|.

Related Topics:
|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
|netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark
|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks


CHANGING TO A PREDECESSOR DIRECTORY		*netrw-u* *netrw-updir* {{{2

Every time you change to a new directory (new for the current session), netrw
will save the directory in a recently-visited directory history list (unless
|g:netrw_dirhistmax| is zero; by default, it holds ten entries).  With the "u"
map, one can change to an earlier directory (predecessor).  To do the
opposite, see |netrw-U|.

The "u" map also accepts counts to go back in the history several slots.  For
your convenience, qb (see |netrw-qb|) lists the history number which may be
used in that count.

					*.netrwhist*
See |g:netrw_dirhistmax| for how to control the quantity of history stack
slots.  The file ".netrwhist" holds history when netrw (and vim) is not
active.  By default, its stored on the first directory on the user's
'runtimepath'.

Related Topics:
|netrw-U| changing to a successor directory
|g:netrw_home| controls where .netrwhist is kept


CHANGING TO A SUCCESSOR DIRECTORY		*netrw-U* *netrw-downdir* {{{2

With the "U" map, one can change to a later directory (successor).
This map is the opposite of the "u" map. (see |netrw-u|)  Use the
qb map to list both the bookmarks and history. (see |netrw-qb|)

The "U" map also accepts counts to go forward in the history several slots.

See |g:netrw_dirhistmax| for how to control the quantity of history stack
slots.


CHANGING TREE TOP			*netrw-ntree*  *:Ntree*  *netrw-gn* {{{2

One may specify a new tree top for tree listings using >

:Ntree [dirname]

Without a "dirname", the current line is used (and any leading depth
information is elided).
With a "dirname", the specified directory name is used.

The "gn" map will take the word below the cursor and use that for
changing the top of the tree listing.

						*netrw-curdir*
DELETING BOOKMARKS					*netrw-mB* {{{2

To delete a bookmark, use >

{cnt}mB

If there are marked files, then mB will remove them from the
bookmark list.

Alternatively, one may use :NetrwMB! (see |netrw-:NetrwMB|). >

:NetrwMB! [files/directories]

Related Topics:
|netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark
|netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark
|netrw-qb| how to list bookmarks


DELETING FILES OR DIRECTORIES	*netrw-delete* *netrw-D* *netrw-del* {{{2

If files have not been marked with |netrw-mf|:   (local marked file list)

   Deleting/removing files and directories involves moving the cursor to the
   file/directory to be deleted and pressing "D".  Directories must be empty
   first before they can be successfully removed.  If the directory is a
   softlink to a directory, then netrw will make two requests to remove the
   directory before succeeding.  Netrw will ask for confirmation before doing
   the removal(s).  You may select a range of lines with the "V" command
   (visual selection), and then pressing "D".

If files have been marked with |netrw-mf|:   (local marked file list)

   Marked files (and empty directories) will be deleted; again, you'll be
   asked to confirm the deletion before it actually takes place.

A further approach is to delete files which match a pattern.

   * use  :MF pattern  (see |netrw-:MF|); then press "D".

   * use mr (see |netrw-mr|) which will prompt you for pattern.
     This will cause the matching files to be marked.  Then,
     press "D".

Please note that only empty directories may be deleted with the "D" mapping.
Regular files are deleted with |delete()|, too.

The |g:netrw_rm_cmd|, |g:netrw_rmf_cmd|, and |g:netrw_rmdir_cmd| variables are
used to control the attempts to remove remote files and directories.  The
g:netrw_rm_cmd is used with files, and its default value is:

g:netrw_rm_cmd: ssh HOSTNAME rm

The g:netrw_rmdir_cmd variable is used to support the removal of directories.
Its default value is:

|g:netrw_rmdir_cmd|: ssh HOSTNAME rmdir

If removing a directory fails with g:netrw_rmdir_cmd, netrw then will attempt
to remove it again using the g:netrw_rmf_cmd variable.  Its default value is:

|g:netrw_rmf_cmd|: ssh HOSTNAME rm -f

Related topics: |netrw-d|
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_rm_cmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|


*netrw-explore*  *netrw-hexplore* *netrw-nexplore* *netrw-pexplore*
*netrw-rexplore* *netrw-sexplore* *netrw-texplore* *netrw-vexplore* *netrw-lexplore*
DIRECTORY EXPLORATION COMMANDS  {{{2

    :[N]Explore[!]  [dir]... Explore directory of current file      *:Explore*
    :[N]Hexplore[!] [dir]... Horizontal Split & Explore             *:Hexplore*
    :[N]Lexplore[!] [dir]... Left Explorer Toggle                   *:Lexplore*
    :[N]Sexplore[!] [dir]... Split&Explore current file's directory *:Sexplore*
    :[N]Vexplore[!] [dir]... Vertical   Split & Explore             *:Vexplore*
    :Texplore       [dir]... Tab & Explore                          *:Texplore*
    :Rexplore            ... Return to/from Explorer                *:Rexplore*

    Used with :Explore **/pattern : (also see |netrw-starstar|)
    :Nexplore............. go to next matching file                *:Nexplore*
    :Pexplore............. go to previous matching file            *:Pexplore*

					*netrw-:Explore*
:Explore  will open the local-directory browser on the current file's
         directory (or on directory [dir] if specified).  The window will be
  split only if the file has been modified and 'hidden' is not set,
  otherwise the browsing window will take over that window.  Normally
  the splitting is taken horizontally.
  Also see: |netrw-:Rexplore|
:Explore! is like :Explore, but will use vertical splitting.

					*netrw-:Hexplore*
:Hexplore  [dir] does an :Explore with |:belowright| horizontal splitting.
:Hexplore! [dir] does an :Explore with |:aboveleft|  horizontal splitting.

					*netrw-:Lexplore*
:[N]Lexplore [dir] toggles a full height Explorer window on the left hand side
  of the current tab.  It will open a netrw window on the current
  directory if [dir] is omitted; a :Lexplore [dir] will show the
  specified directory in the left-hand side browser display no matter
  from which window the command is issued.

  By default, :Lexplore will change an uninitialized |g:netrw_chgwin|
  to 2; edits will thus preferentially be made in window#2.

  The [N] specifies a |g:netrw_winsize| just for the new :Lexplore
  window. That means that
    if [N] < 0 : use |N| columns for the Lexplore window
    if [N] = 0 : a normal split is made
    if [N] > 0 : use N% of the current window will be used for the
                 new window

  Those who like this method often also like tree style displays;
  see |g:netrw_liststyle|.

:[N]Lexplore! [dir] is similar to :Lexplore, except that the full-height
  Explorer window will open on the right hand side and an
  uninitialized |g:netrw_chgwin| will be set to 1 (eg. edits will
  preferentially occur in the leftmost window).

  Also see: |netrw-C|           |g:netrw_browse_split|   |g:netrw_wiw|
	    |netrw-p| |netrw-P|   |g:netrw_chgwin|
	    |netrw-c-tab|       |g:netrw_winsize|

					*netrw-:Sexplore*
:[N]Sexplore will always split the window before invoking the local-directory
  browser.  As with Explore, the splitting is normally done
  horizontally.
:[N]Sexplore! [dir] is like :Sexplore, but the splitting will be done vertically.

					*netrw-:Texplore*
:Texplore  [dir] does a |:tabnew| before generating the browser window

					*netrw-:Vexplore*
:[N]Vexplore  [dir] does an :Explore with |:leftabove|  vertical splitting.
:[N]Vexplore! [dir] does an :Explore with |:rightbelow| vertical splitting.

The optional parameters are:

[N]: This parameter will override |g:netrw_winsize| to specify the quantity of
     rows and/or columns the new explorer window should have.
     Otherwise, the |g:netrw_winsize| variable, if it has been specified by the
     user, is used to control the quantity of rows and/or columns new
     explorer windows should have.

[dir]: By default, these explorer commands use the current file's directory.
       However, one may explicitly provide a directory (path) to use instead;
ie. >

:Explore /some/path
<
					*netrw-:Rexplore*
:Rexplore  This command is a little different from the other Explore commands
   as it doesn't necessarily open an Explorer window.

   Return to Explorer~
   When one edits a file using netrw which can occur, for example,
   when pressing <cr> while the cursor is atop a filename in a netrw
   browser window, a :Rexplore issued while editing that file will
   return the display to that of the last netrw browser display in
   that window.

   Return from Explorer~
   Conversely, when one is editing a directory, issuing a :Rexplore
   will return to editing the file that was last edited in that
   window.

   The <2-leftmouse> map (which is only available under gvim and
   cooperative terms) does the same as :Rexplore.

Also see: |g:netrw_alto| |g:netrw_altv| |g:netrw_winsize|


*netrw-star* *netrw-starpat* *netrw-starstar* *netrw-starstarpat* *netrw-grep*
EXPLORING WITH STARS AND PATTERNS {{{2

When Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, or Vexplore are used with one of the
following four patterns Explore generates a list of files which satisfy the
request for the local file system.  These exploration patterns will not work
with remote file browsing.

   */filepat	files in current directory which satisfy filepat
   **/filepat	files in current directory or below which satisfy the
	file pattern
   *//pattern	files in the current directory which contain the
	pattern (vimgrep is used)
   **//pattern	files in the current directory or below which contain
	the pattern (vimgrep is used)
<
The cursor will be placed on the first file in the list.  One may then
continue to go to subsequent files on that list via |:Nexplore| or to
preceding files on that list with |:Pexplore|.  Explore will update the
directory and place the cursor appropriately.

A plain >
:Explore
will clear the explore list.

If your console or gui produces recognizable shift-up or shift-down sequences,
then you'll likely find using shift-downarrow and shift-uparrow convenient.
They're mapped by netrw as follows:

<s-down>  == Nexplore, and
<s-up>    == Pexplore.

As an example, consider
>
:Explore */*.c
:Nexplore
:Nexplore
:Pexplore
<
The status line will show, on the right hand side of the status line, a
message like "Match 3 of 20".

Associated setting variables:
|g:netrw_keepdir|          |g:netrw_browse_split|
|g:netrw_fastbrowse|       |g:netrw_ftp_browse_reject|
|g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd|     |g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd|
|g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd| |g:netrw_list_cmd|
|g:netrw_liststyle|


DISPLAYING INFORMATION ABOUT FILE				*netrw-qf* {{{2

With the cursor atop a filename, pressing "qf" will reveal the file's size
and last modification timestamp.  Currently this capability is only available
for local files.


EDIT FILE OR DIRECTORY HIDING LIST	*netrw-ctrl-h* *netrw-edithide* {{{2

The "<ctrl-h>" map brings up a requestor allowing the user to change the
file/directory hiding list contained in |g:netrw_list_hide|.  The hiding list
consists of one or more patterns delimited by commas.  Files and/or
directories satisfying these patterns will either be hidden (ie. not shown) or
be the only ones displayed (see |netrw-a|).

The "gh" mapping (see |netrw-gh|) quickly alternates between the usual
hiding list and the hiding of files or directories that begin with ".".

As an example, >
let g:netrw_list_hide= '\(^\|\s\s\)\zs\.\S\+'
Effectively, this makes the effect of a |netrw-gh| command the initial setting.
What it means:

\(^\|\s\s\)   : if the line begins with the following, -or-
                two consecutive spaces are encountered
\zs           : start the hiding match now
\.            : if it now begins with a dot
\S\+          : and is followed by one or more non-whitespace
                characters

Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_hide| |g:netrw_list_hide|
Associated topics: |netrw-a| |netrw-gh| |netrw-mh|

				*netrw-sort-sequence*
EDITING THE SORTING SEQUENCE		*netrw-S* *netrw-sortsequence* {{{2

When "Sorted by" is name, one may specify priority via the sorting sequence
(g:netrw_sort_sequence).  The sorting sequence typically prioritizes the
name-listing by suffix, although any pattern will do.  Patterns are delimited
by commas.  The default sorting sequence is (all one line):

For Unix: >
'[\/]$,\<core\%(\.\d\+\)\=,\.[a-np-z]$,\.h$,\.c$,\.cpp$,*,\.o$,\.obj$,
\.info$,\.swp$,\.bak$,\~$'
<
Otherwise: >
'[\/]$,\.[a-np-z]$,\.h$,\.c$,\.cpp$,*,\.o$,\.obj$,\.info$,
\.swp$,\.bak$,\~$'
<
The lone * is where all filenames not covered by one of the other patterns
will end up.  One may change the sorting sequence by modifying the
g:netrw_sort_sequence variable (either manually or in your <.vimrc>) or by
using the "S" map.

Related topics:               |netrw-s|               |netrw-S|
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_sort_sequence| |g:netrw_sort_options|


EXECUTING FILE UNDER CURSOR VIA SYSTEM()			*netrw-X* {{{2

Pressing X while the cursor is atop an executable file will yield a prompt
using the filename asking for any arguments.  Upon pressing a [return], netrw
will then call |system()| with that command and arguments.  The result will be
displayed by |:echomsg|, and so |:messages| will repeat display of the result.
Ansi escape sequences will be stripped out.

See |cmdline-window| for directions for more on how to edit the arguments.


FORCING TREATMENT AS A FILE OR DIRECTORY	*netrw-gd* *netrw-gf* {{{2

Remote symbolic links (ie. those listed via ssh or ftp) are problematic
in that it is difficult to tell whether they link to a file or to a
directory.

To force treatment as a file: use >
gf
<
To force treatment as a directory: use >
gd
<

GOING UP							*netrw--* {{{2

To go up a directory, press "-" or press the <cr> when atop the ../ directory
entry in the listing.

Netrw will use the command in |g:netrw_list_cmd| to perform the directory
listing operation after changing HOSTNAME to the host specified by the
user-prpvided url.  By default netrw provides the command as: >

ssh HOSTNAME ls -FLa
<
where the HOSTNAME becomes the [user@]hostname as requested by the attempt to
read.  Naturally, the user may override this command with whatever is
preferred.  The NetList function which implements remote browsing
expects that directories will be flagged by a trailing slash.


HIDING FILES OR DIRECTORIES			*netrw-a* *netrw-hiding* {{{2

Netrw's browsing facility allows one to use the hiding list in one of three
ways: ignore it, hide files which match, and show only those files which
match.

If no files have been marked via |netrw-mf|:

The "a" map allows the user to cycle through the three hiding modes.

The |g:netrw_list_hide| variable holds a comma delimited list of patterns
based on regular expressions (ex. ^.*\.obj$,^\.) which specify the hiding list.
(also see |netrw-ctrl-h|)  To set the hiding list, use the <c-h> map.  As an
example, to hide files which begin with a ".", one may use the <c-h> map to
set the hiding list to '^\..*' (or one may put let g:netrw_list_hide= '^\..*'
in one's <.vimrc>).  One may then use the "a" key to show all files, hide
matching files, or to show only the matching files.

Example: \.[ch]$
	This hiding list command will hide/show all *.c and *.h files.

Example: \.c$,\.h$
	This hiding list command will also hide/show all *.c and *.h
	files.

Don't forget to use the "a" map to select the mode (normal/hiding/show) you
want!

If files have been marked using |netrw-mf|, then this command will:

 if showing all files or non-hidden files:
  modify the g:netrw_list_hide list by appending the marked files to it
  and showing only non-hidden files.

 else if showing hidden files only:
  modify the g:netrw_list_hide list by removing the marked files from it
  and showing only non-hidden files.
 endif

				*netrw-gh* *netrw-hide*
As a quick shortcut, one may press >
gh
to toggle between hiding files which begin with a period (dot) and not hiding
them.

Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_list_hide|  |g:netrw_hide|
Associated topics: |netrw-a| |netrw-ctrl-h| |netrw-mh|

				*netrw-gitignore*
Netrw provides a helper function 'netrw_gitignore#Hide()' that, when used with
|g:netrw_list_hide| automatically hides all git-ignored files.

'netrw_gitignore#Hide' searches for patterns in the following files: >

'./.gitignore'
'./.git/info/exclude'
global gitignore file: `git config --global core.excludesfile`
system gitignore file: `git config --system core.excludesfile`
<
Files that do not exist, are ignored.
Git-ignore patterns are taken from existing files, and converted to patterns for
hiding files. For example, if you had '*.log' in your '.gitignore' file, it
would be converted to '.*\.log'.

To use this function, simply assign its output to |g:netrw_list_hide| option.  >

Example: let g:netrw_list_hide= netrw_gitignore#Hide()
	Git-ignored files are hidden in Netrw.

Example: let g:netrw_list_hide= netrw_gitignore#Hide('my_gitignore_file')
	Function can take additional files with git-ignore patterns.

Example: let g:netrw_list_hide= netrw_gitignore#Hide() .. '.*\.swp$'
	Combining 'netrw_gitignore#Hide' with custom patterns.
<

IMPROVING BROWSING			*netrw-listhack* *netrw-ssh-hack* {{{2

Especially with the remote directory browser, constantly entering the password
is tedious.

For Linux/Unix systems, the book "Linux Server Hacks - 100 industrial strength
tips & tools" by Rob Flickenger (O'Reilly, ISBN 0-596-00461-3) gives a tip
for setting up no-password ssh and scp and discusses associated security
issues.  It used to be available at http://hacks.oreilly.com/pub/h/66 ,
but apparently that address is now being redirected to some "hackzine".
I'll attempt a summary based on that article and on a communication from
Ben Schmidt:

1. Generate a public/private key pair on the local machine
   (ssh client): >
	ssh-keygen -t rsa
	(saving the file in ~/.ssh/id_rsa as prompted)
<
2. Just hit the <CR> when asked for passphrase (twice) for no
   passphrase.  If you do use a passphrase, you will also need to use
   ssh-agent so you only have to type the passphrase once per session.
   If you don't use a passphrase, simply logging onto your local
   computer or getting access to the keyfile in any way will suffice
   to access any ssh servers which have that key authorized for login.

3. This creates two files: >
	~/.ssh/id_rsa
	~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
<
4. On the target machine (ssh server): >
	cd
	mkdir -p .ssh
	chmod 0700 .ssh
<
5. On your local machine (ssh client): (one line) >
	ssh {serverhostname}
	  cat '>>' '~/.ssh/authorized_keys2' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
<
   or, for OpenSSH, (one line) >
	ssh {serverhostname}
	  cat '>>' '~/.ssh/authorized_keys' < ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
<
You can test it out with >
ssh {serverhostname}
and you should be log onto the server machine without further need to type
anything.

If you decided to use a passphrase, do: >
ssh-agent $SHELL
ssh-add
ssh {serverhostname}
You will be prompted for your key passphrase when you use ssh-add, but not
subsequently when you use ssh.  For use with vim, you can use >
ssh-agent vim
and, when next within vim, use >
:!ssh-add
Alternatively, you can apply ssh-agent to the terminal you're planning on
running vim in: >
ssh-agent xterm &
and do ssh-add whenever you need.

For Windows, folks on the vim mailing list have mentioned that Pageant helps
with avoiding the constant need to enter the password.

Kingston Fung wrote about another way to avoid constantly needing to enter
passwords:

   In order to avoid the need to type in the password for scp each time, you
   provide a hack in the docs to set up a non password ssh account. I found a
   better way to do that: I can use a regular ssh account which uses a
   password to access the material without the need to key-in the password
   each time. It's good for security and convenience. I tried ssh public key
   authorization + ssh-agent, implementing this, and it works!


   Ssh hints:

Thomer Gil has provided a hint on how to speed up netrw+ssh:
    http://thomer.com/howtos/netrw_ssh.html


LISTING BOOKMARKS AND HISTORY		*netrw-qb* *netrw-listbookmark* {{{2

Pressing "qb" (query bookmarks) will list both the bookmarked directories and
directory traversal history.

Related Topics:
|netrw-gb| how to return (go) to a bookmark
|netrw-mb| how to make a bookmark
|netrw-mB| how to delete bookmarks
|netrw-u|  change to a predecessor directory via the history stack
|netrw-U|  change to a successor   directory via the history stack

MAKING A NEW DIRECTORY					*netrw-d* {{{2

With the "d" map one may make a new directory either remotely (which depends
on the global variable g:netrw_mkdir_cmd) or locally (which depends on the
global variable g:netrw_localmkdir).  Netrw will issue a request for the new
directory's name.  A bare <CR> at that point will abort the making of the
directory.  Attempts to make a local directory that already exists (as either
a file or a directory) will be detected, reported on, and ignored.

Related topics: |netrw-D|
Associated setting variables:	|g:netrw_localmkdir|   |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|
			|g:netrw_remote_mkdir| |netrw-%|


MAKING THE BROWSING DIRECTORY THE CURRENT DIRECTORY	*netrw-cd* {{{2

By default, |g:netrw_keepdir| is 1.  This setting means that the current
directory will not track the browsing directory. (done for backwards
compatibility with v6's file explorer).

Setting g:netrw_keepdir to 0 tells netrw to make vim's current directory
track netrw's browsing directory.

However, given the default setting for g:netrw_keepdir of 1 where netrw
maintains its own separate notion of the current directory, in order to make
the two directories the same, use the "cd" map (type cd).  That map will
set Vim's notion of the current directory to netrw's current browsing
directory.

|netrw-cd| : This map's name was changed from "c" to cd (see |netrw-cd|).
          This change was done to allow for |netrw-cb| and |netrw-cB| maps.

Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_keepdir|

MARKING FILES					*netrw-:MF*	*netrw-mf* {{{2
(also see |netrw-mr|)

Netrw provides several ways to mark files:

* One may mark files with the cursor atop a filename and
  then pressing "mf".

* With gvim, in addition one may mark files with
  <s-leftmouse>. (see |netrw-mouse|)

* One may use the :MF command, which takes a list of
  files (for local directories, the list may include
  wildcards -- see |glob()|) >

	:MF *.c
<
  (Note that :MF uses |<f-args>| to break the line
  at spaces)

* Mark files using the |argument-list| (|netrw-mA|)

* Mark files based upon a |location-list| (|netrw-qL|)

* Mark files based upon the quickfix list (|netrw-qF|)
  (|quickfix-error-lists|)

The following netrw maps make use of marked files:

   |netrw-a|	Hide marked files/directories
   |netrw-D|	Delete marked files/directories
   |netrw-ma|	Move marked files' names to |arglist|
   |netrw-mA|	Move |arglist| filenames to marked file list
   |netrw-mb|	Append marked files to bookmarks
   |netrw-mB|	Delete marked files from bookmarks
   |netrw-mc|	Copy marked files to target
   |netrw-md|	Apply vimdiff to marked files
   |netrw-me|	Edit marked files
   |netrw-mF|	Unmark marked files
   |netrw-mg|	Apply vimgrep to marked files
   |netrw-mm|	Move marked files to target
   |netrw-ms|	Netrw will source marked files
   |netrw-mt|	Set target for |netrw-mm| and |netrw-mc|
   |netrw-mT|	Generate tags using marked files
   |netrw-mv|	Apply vim command to marked files
   |netrw-mx|	Apply shell command to marked files
   |netrw-mX|	Apply shell command to marked files, en bloc
   |netrw-mz|	Compress/Decompress marked files
   |netrw-O|	Obtain marked files
   |netrw-R|	Rename marked files

One may unmark files one at a time the same way one marks them; ie. place
the cursor atop a marked file and press "mf".  This process also works
with <s-leftmouse> using gvim.  One may unmark all files by pressing
"mu" (see |netrw-mu|).

Marked files are highlighted using the "netrwMarkFile" highlighting group,
which by default is linked to "Identifier" (see Identifier under
|group-name|).  You may change the highlighting group by putting something
like >

highlight clear netrwMarkFile
hi link netrwMarkFile ..whatever..
<
into $HOME/.vim/after/syntax/netrw.vim .

If the mouse is enabled and works with your vim, you may use <s-leftmouse> to
mark one or more files.  You may mark multiple files by dragging the shifted
leftmouse.  (see |netrw-mouse|)

		*markfilelist* *global_markfilelist* *local_markfilelist*
All marked files are entered onto the global marked file list; there is only
one such list.  In addition, every netrw buffer also has its own buffer-local
marked file list; since netrw buffers are associated with specific
directories, this means that each directory has its own local marked file
list.  The various commands which operate on marked files use one or the other
of the marked file lists.

Known Problem: if one is using tree mode (|g:netrw_liststyle|) and several
directories have files with the same name,  then marking such a file will
result in all such files being highlighted as if they were all marked.  The
|markfilelist|, however, will only have the selected file in it.  This problem
is unlikely to be fixed.


UNMARKING FILES							*netrw-mF* {{{2
(also see |netrw-mf|, |netrw-mu|)

The "mF" command will unmark all files in the current buffer.  One may also use
mf (|netrw-mf|) on a specific, already marked, file to unmark just that file.

MARKING FILES BY LOCATION LIST					*netrw-qL* {{{2
(also see |netrw-mf|)

One may convert |location-list|s into a marked file list using "qL".
You may then proceed with commands such as me (|netrw-me|) to edit them.


MARKING FILES BY QUICKFIX LIST					*netrw-qF* {{{2
(also see |netrw-mf|)

One may convert |quickfix-error-lists| into a marked file list using "qF".
You may then proceed with commands such as me (|netrw-me|) to edit them.
Quickfix error lists are generated, for example, by calls to |:vimgrep|.


MARKING FILES BY REGULAR EXPRESSION				*netrw-mr* {{{2
(also see |netrw-mf|)

One may also mark files by pressing "mr"; netrw will then issue a prompt,
"Enter regexp: ".  You may then enter a shell-style regular expression such
as *.c$ (see |glob()|).  For remote systems, glob() doesn't work -- so netrw
converts "*" into ".*" (see |regexp|) and marks files based on that.  In the
future I may make it possible to use |regexp|s instead of glob()-style
expressions (yet-another-option).

See |cmdline-window| for directions on more on how to edit the regular
expression.


MARKED FILES, ARBITRARY VIM COMMAND				*netrw-mv*  {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the local marked-file list)

The "mv" map causes netrw to execute an arbitrary vim command on each file on
the local marked file list, individually:

* 1split
* sil! keepalt e file
* run vim command
* sil! keepalt wq!

A prompt, "Enter vim command: ", will be issued to elicit the vim command you
wish used.  See |cmdline-window| for directions for more on how to edit the
command.


MARKED FILES, ARBITRARY SHELL COMMAND				*netrw-mx* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the local marked-file list)

Upon activation of the "mx" map, netrw will query the user for some (external)
command to be applied to all marked files.  All "%"s in the command will be
substituted with the name of each marked file in turn.  If no "%"s are in the
command, then the command will be followed by a space and a marked filename.

Example:
(mark files)
mx
Enter command: cat

The result is a series of shell commands:
cat 'file1'
cat 'file2'
...


MARKED FILES, ARBITRARY SHELL COMMAND, EN BLOC			*netrw-mX* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the global marked-file list)

Upon activation of the 'mX' map, netrw will query the user for some (external)
command to be applied to all marked files on the global marked file list.  The
"en bloc" means that one command will be executed on all the files at once: >

command files

This approach is useful, for example, to select files and make a tarball: >

(mark files)
mX
Enter command: tar cf mynewtarball.tar
<
The command that will be run with this example:

tar cf mynewtarball.tar 'file1' 'file2' ...


MARKED FILES: ARGUMENT LIST				*netrw-ma* *netrw-mA*
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the global marked-file list)

Using ma, one moves filenames from the marked file list to the argument list.
Using mA, one moves filenames from the argument list to the marked file list.

See Also: |netrw-cb| |netrw-cB| |netrw-qF| |argument-list| |:args|


MARKED FILES: BUFFER LIST				*netrw-cb* *netrw-cB*
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the global marked-file list)

Using cb, one moves  filenames from the marked file list to the buffer list.
Using cB, one copies filenames from the buffer list to the marked file list.

See Also: |netrw-ma| |netrw-mA| |netrw-qF| |buffer-list| |:buffers|


MARKED FILES: COMPRESSION AND DECOMPRESSION		*netrw-mz* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the local marked file list)

If any marked files are compressed,   then "mz" will decompress them.
If any marked files are decompressed, then "mz" will compress them
using the command specified by |g:netrw_compress|; by default,
that's "gzip".

For decompression, netrw uses a |Dictionary| of suffices and their
associated decompressing utilities; see |g:netrw_decompress|.

Remember that one can mark multiple files by regular expression
(see |netrw-mr|); this is particularly useful to facilitate compressing and
decompressing a large number of files.

Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_compress| |g:netrw_decompress|

MARKED FILES: COPYING						*netrw-mc* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (Uses the global marked file list)

Select a target directory with mt (|netrw-mt|).  Then change directory,
select file(s) (see |netrw-mf|), and press "mc".  The copy is done
from the current window (where one does the mf) to the target.

If one does not have a target directory set with |netrw-mt|, then netrw
will query you for a directory to copy to.

One may also copy directories and their contents (local only) to a target
directory.

Associated setting variables:
|g:netrw_localcopycmd|		|g:netrw_localcopycmdopt|
|g:netrw_localcopydircmd|	|g:netrw_localcopydircmdopt|
|g:netrw_ssh_cmd|

MARKED FILES: DIFF						*netrw-md* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the global marked file list)

Use vimdiff to visualize difference between selected files (two or
three may be selected for this).  Uses the global marked file list.

MARKED FILES: EDITING						*netrw-me* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the global marked file list)

The "me" command will place the marked files on the |arglist| and commence
editing them.  One may return the to explorer window with |:Rexplore|.
(use |:n| and |:p| to edit next and previous files in the arglist)

MARKED FILES: GREP						*netrw-mg* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the global marked file list)

The "mg" command will apply |:vimgrep| to the marked files.
The command will ask for the requested pattern; one may then enter: >

/pattern/[g][j]
! /pattern/[g][j]
pattern
<
With /pattern/, editing will start with the first item on the |quickfix| list
that vimgrep sets up (see |:copen|, |:cnext|, |:cprevious|, |:cclose|).  The |:vimgrep|
command is in use, so without 'g' each line is added to quickfix list only
once; with 'g' every match is included.

With /pattern/j, "mg" will winnow the current marked file list to just those
marked files also possessing the specified pattern.  Thus, one may use >

mr ...file-pattern...
mg /pattern/j
<
to have a marked file list satisfying the file-pattern but also restricted to
files containing some desired pattern.


MARKED FILES: HIDING AND UNHIDING BY SUFFIX			*netrw-mh* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the local marked file list)

The "mh" command extracts the suffices of the marked files and toggles their
presence on the hiding list.  Please note that marking the same suffix
this way multiple times will result in the suffix's presence being toggled
for each file (so an even quantity of marked files having the same suffix
is the same as not having bothered to select them at all).

Related topics: |netrw-a| |g:netrw_list_hide|

MARKED FILES: MOVING						*netrw-mm* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the global marked file list)

WARNING: moving files is more dangerous than copying them.
A file being moved is first copied and then deleted; if the
copy operation fails and the delete succeeds, you will lose
the file.  Either try things out with unimportant files
first or do the copy and then delete yourself using mc and D.
Use at your own risk!

Select a target directory with mt (|netrw-mt|).  Then change directory,
select file(s) (see |netrw-mf|), and press "mm".  The move is done
from the current window (where one does the mf) to the target.

Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_localmovecmd| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|

MARKED FILES: SOURCING						*netrw-ms* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the local marked file list)

With "ms", netrw will source the marked files (using vim's |:source| command)


MARKED FILES: SETTING THE TARGET DIRECTORY			*netrw-mt* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)

Set the marked file copy/move-to target (see |netrw-mc| and |netrw-mm|):

 * If the cursor is atop a file name, then the netrw window's currently
   displayed directory is used for the copy/move-to target.

 * Also, if the cursor is in the banner, then the netrw window's currently
   displayed directory is used for the copy/move-to target.
   Unless the target already is the current directory.  In which case,
   typing "mf" clears the target.

 * However, if the cursor is atop a directory name, then that directory is
   used for the copy/move-to target

 * One may use the :MT [directory] command to set the target	*netrw-:MT*
   This command uses |<q-args>|, so spaces in the directory name are
   permitted without escaping.

 * With mouse-enabled vim or with gvim, one may select a target by using
   <c-leftmouse>

There is only one copy/move-to target at a time in a vim session; ie. the
target is a script variable (see |s:var|) and is shared between all netrw
windows (in an instance of vim).

When using menus and gvim, netrw provides a "Targets" entry which allows one
to pick a target from the list of bookmarks and history.

Related topics:
     Marking Files......................................|netrw-mf|
     Marking Files by Regular Expression................|netrw-mr|
     Marked Files: Target Directory Using Bookmarks.....|netrw-Tb|
     Marked Files: Target Directory Using History.......|netrw-Th|


MARKED FILES: TAGGING						*netrw-mT* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf| and |netrw-mr| for how to mark files)
	      (uses the global marked file list)

The "mT" mapping will apply the command in |g:netrw_ctags| (by default, it is
"ctags") to marked files.  For remote browsing, in order to create a tags file
netrw will use ssh (see |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|), and so ssh must be available for
this to work on remote systems.  For your local system, see |ctags| on how to
get a version.  I myself use hdrtags, currently available at
http://www.drchip.org/astronaut/src/index.html , and have >

let g:netrw_ctags= "hdrtag"
<
in my <.vimrc>.

When a remote set of files are tagged, the resulting tags file is "obtained";
ie. a copy is transferred to the local system's directory.  The now local tags
file is then modified so that one may use it through the network.  The
modification made concerns the names of the files in the tags; each filename is
preceded by the netrw-compatible URL used to obtain it.  When one subsequently
uses one of the go to tag actions (|tags|), the URL will be used by netrw to
edit the desired file and go to the tag.

Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_ctags| |g:netrw_ssh_cmd|

MARKED FILES: TARGET DIRECTORY USING BOOKMARKS		*netrw-Tb* {{{2

Sets the marked file copy/move-to target.

The |netrw-qb| map will give you a list of bookmarks (and history).
One may choose one of the bookmarks to become your marked file
target by using [count]Tb (default count: 1).

Related topics:
     Copying files to target............................|netrw-mc|
     Listing Bookmarks and History......................|netrw-qb|
     Marked Files: Setting The Target Directory.........|netrw-mt|
     Marked Files: Target Directory Using History.......|netrw-Th|
     Marking Files......................................|netrw-mf|
     Marking Files by Regular Expression................|netrw-mr|
     Moving files to target.............................|netrw-mm|


MARKED FILES: TARGET DIRECTORY USING HISTORY			*netrw-Th* {{{2

Sets the marked file copy/move-to target.

The |netrw-qb| map will give you a list of history (and bookmarks).
One may choose one of the history entries to become your marked file
target by using [count]Th (default count: 0; ie. the current directory).

Related topics:
     Copying files to target............................|netrw-mc|
     Listing Bookmarks and History......................|netrw-qb|
     Marked Files: Setting The Target Directory.........|netrw-mt|
     Marked Files: Target Directory Using Bookmarks.....|netrw-Tb|
     Marking Files......................................|netrw-mf|
     Marking Files by Regular Expression................|netrw-mr|
     Moving files to target.............................|netrw-mm|


MARKED FILES: UNMARKING						*netrw-mu* {{{2
    (See |netrw-mf|, |netrw-mF|)

The "mu" mapping will unmark all currently marked files.  This command differs
from "mF" as the latter only unmarks files in the current directory whereas
"mu" will unmark global and all buffer-local marked files.
(see |netrw-mF|)


			*netrw-browser-settings*
NETRW BROWSER VARIABLES		*netrw-browser-options* *netrw-browser-var* {{{2

(if you're interested in the netrw file transfer settings, see |netrw-options|
and |netrw-protocol|)

The <netrw.vim> browser provides settings in the form of variables which
you may modify; by placing these settings in your <.vimrc>, you may customize
your browsing preferences.  (see also: |netrw-settings|)
>
  ---				-----------
  Var				Explanation
  ---				-----------
<  *g:netrw_altfile*		some like |CTRL-^| to return to the last
			edited file.  Choose that by setting this
			parameter to 1.
			Others like |CTRL-^| to return to the
			netrw browsing buffer.  Choose that by setting
			this parameter to 0.
			 default: =0

 *g:netrw_alto*		change from above splitting to below splitting
			by setting this variable (see |netrw-o|)
			 default: =&sb           (see 'sb')

 *g:netrw_altv*		change from left splitting to right splitting
			by setting this variable (see |netrw-v|)
			 default: =&spr          (see 'spr')

 *g:netrw_banner*		enable/suppress the banner
			=0: suppress the banner
			=1: banner is enabled (default)

 *g:netrw_bannerbackslash*	if this variable exists and is not zero, the
			banner will be displayed with backslashes
			rather than forward slashes.

 *g:netrw_browse_split*	when browsing, <cr> will open the file by:
			=0: re-using the same window  (default)
			=1: horizontally splitting the window first
			=2: vertically   splitting the window first
			=3: open file in new tab
			=4: act like "P" (ie. open previous window)
			    Note that |g:netrw_preview| may be used
			    to get vertical splitting instead of
			    horizontal splitting.
			=[servername,tab-number,window-number]
			    Given a |List| such as this, a remote server
			    named by the "servername" will be used for
			    editing.  It will also use the specified tab
			    and window numbers to perform editing
			    (see |clientserver|, |netrw-ctrl-r|)
			This option does not affect the production of
			|:Lexplore| windows.

			Related topics:
			    |g:netrw_alto|	|g:netrw_altv|
			    |netrw-C|		|netrw-cr|
			    |netrw-ctrl-r|

 *g:netrw_chgperm*		Unix/Linux: "chmod PERM FILENAME"
			Windows:    "cacls FILENAME /e /p PERM"
			Used to change access permission for a file.

 *g:netrw_clipboard*		=1
			By default, netrw will attempt to insure that
			the clipboard's values will remain unchanged.
			However, some users report that they have
			speed problems with this; consequently, this
			option, when set to zero,  lets such users
			prevent netrw from saving and restoring the
			clipboard (the latter is done only as needed).
			That means that if the clipboard is changed
			(inadvertently) by normal netrw operation that
			it will not be restored to its prior state.

 *g:netrw_compress*		="gzip"
			Will compress marked files with this
			command

 *g:Netrw_corehandler*		Allows one to specify something additional
			to do when handling <core> files via netrw's
			browser's "x" command.  If present,
			g:Netrw_corehandler specifies either one or
			more function references (see |Funcref|).
			(the capital g:Netrw... is required its
			holding a function reference)

 *g:netrw_ctags*		="ctags"
			The default external program used to create
			tags

 *g:netrw_cursor*		= 2 (default)
			This option controls the use of the
			'cursorline' (cul) and 'cursorcolumn'
			(cuc) settings by netrw:

			Value   Thin-Long-Tree      Wide
			 =0      u-cul u-cuc      u-cul u-cuc
			 =1      u-cul u-cuc        cul u-cuc
			 =2        cul u-cuc        cul u-cuc
			 =3        cul u-cuc        cul   cuc
			 =4        cul   cuc        cul   cuc
			 =5      U-cul U-cuc      U-cul U-cuc
			 =6      U-cul U-cuc        cul U-cuc
			 =7        cul U-cuc        cul U-cuc
			 =8        cul U-cuc        cul   cuc

			Where
			  u-cul : user's 'cursorline'   initial setting used
			  u-cuc : user's 'cursorcolumn' initial setting used
			  U-cul : user's 'cursorline'   current setting used
			  U-cuc : user's 'cursorcolumn' current setting used
			  cul   : 'cursorline'   will be locally set
			  cuc   : 'cursorcolumn' will be locally set

			  The "initial setting" means the values of
			  the 'cuc' and 'cul' settings in effect when
			  netrw last saw |g:netrw_cursor| >= 5 or when
			  netrw was initially run.

 *g:netrw_decompress*		= { ".lz4":	 "lz4 -d",
			    ".lzo":	 "lzop -d",
			    ".lz":	 "lzip -dk",
			    ".7z":	 "7za x",
			    ".001":	 "7za x",
			    ".tar.bz":	 "tar -xvjf",
			    ".tar.bz2":  "tar -xvjf",
			    ".tbz":	 "tar -xvjf",
			    ".tbz2":	 "tar -xvjf",
			    ".tar.gz":	 "tar -xvzf",
			    ".tgz":	 "tar -xvzf",
			    ".tar.zst":  "tar --use-compress-program=unzstd -xvf",
			    ".tzst":	 "tar --use-compress-program=unzstd -xvf",
			    ".tar":	 "tar -xvf",
			    ".zip":	 "unzip",
			    ".bz":	 "bunzip2 -k",
			    ".bz2":	 "bunzip2 -k",
			    ".gz":	 "gunzip -k",
			    ".lzma":	 "unlzma -T0 -k",
			    ".xz":	 "unxz -T0 -k",
			    ".zst":	 "zstd -T0 -d",
			    ".Z":	 "uncompress -k",
			    ".rar":	 "unrar x -ad",
			    ".tar.lzma": "tar --lzma -xvf",
			    ".tlz":	 "tar --lzma -xvf",
			    ".tar.xz":	 "tar -xvJf",
			    ".txz":	 "tar -xvJf"}

			  A dictionary mapping suffices to
			  decompression programs.

 *g:netrw_dirhistmax*            =10: controls maximum quantity of past
                                    history.  May be zero to suppress
			     history.
			     (related: |netrw-qb| |netrw-u| |netrw-U|)

 *g:netrw_dynamic_maxfilenamelen* =32: enables dynamic determination of
			    |g:netrw_maxfilenamelen|, which affects
			    local file long listing.

 *g:netrw_fastbrowse*		=0: slow speed directory browsing;
			    never re-uses directory listings;
			    always obtains directory listings.
			=1: medium speed directory browsing;
			    re-use directory listings only
			    when remote directory browsing.
			    (default value)
			=2: fast directory browsing;
			    only obtains directory listings when the
			    directory hasn't been seen before
			    (or |netrw-ctrl-l| is used).

			Fast browsing retains old directory listing
			buffers so that they don't need to be
			re-acquired.  This feature is especially
			important for remote browsing.  However, if
			a file is introduced or deleted into or from
			such directories, the old directory buffer
			becomes out-of-date.  One may always refresh
			such a directory listing with |netrw-ctrl-l|.
			This option gives the user the choice of
			trading off accuracy (ie. up-to-date listing)
			versus speed.

 *g:netrw_ffkeep*		(default: doesn't exist)
			If this variable exists and is zero, then
			netrw will not do a save and restore for
			'fileformat'.

 *g:netrw_fname_escape*	=' ?&;%'
			Used on filenames before remote reading/writing

 *g:netrw_ftp_browse_reject*	ftp can produce a number of errors and warnings
			that can show up as "directories" and "files"
			in the listing.  This pattern is used to
			remove such embedded messages.  By default its
			value is:
			 '^total\s\+\d\+$\|
			 ^Trying\s\+\d\+.*$\|
			 ^KERBEROS_V\d rejected\|
			 ^Security extensions not\|
			 No such file\|
			 : connect to address [0-9a-fA-F:]*
			 : No route to host$'

 *g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd*	options for passing along to ftp for directory
			listing.  Defaults:
			 unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -lF"
			 otherwise                     "dir"


 *g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd*	options for passing along to ftp for directory
			listing, sorted by size of file.
			Defaults:
			 unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -slF"
			 otherwise                     "dir"

 *g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd*	options for passing along to ftp for directory
			listing, sorted by time of last modification.
			Defaults:
			 unix or g:netrw_cygwin set: : "ls -tlF"
			 otherwise                     "dir"

 *g:netrw_glob_escape*		='[]*?`{~$'  (unix)
			='[]*?`{$'  (windows
			These characters in directory names are
			escaped before applying glob()

 *g:netrw_hide*		Controlled by the "a" map (see |netrw-a|)
			=0 : show all
			=1 : show not-hidden files
			=2 : show hidden files only
			 default: =1

 *g:netrw_home*		The home directory for where bookmarks and
			history are saved (as .netrwbook and
			.netrwhist).
			Netrw uses |expand()| on the string.
			 default: stdpath("data") (see |stdpath()|)

 *g:netrw_keepdir*		=1 (default) keep current directory immune from
			   the browsing directory.
			=0 keep the current directory the same as the
			   browsing directory.
			The current browsing directory is contained in
			b:netrw_curdir (also see |netrw-cd|)

 *g:netrw_keepj*		="keepj" (default) netrw attempts to keep the
			         |:jumps| table unaffected.
			=""      netrw will not use |:keepjumps| with
				 exceptions only for the
				 saving/restoration of position.

 *g:netrw_list_cmd*		command for listing remote directories
			 default: (if ssh is executable)
			          "ssh HOSTNAME ls -FLa"

 *g:netrw_list_cmd_options*	If this variable exists, then its contents are
			appended to the g:netrw_list_cmd.  For
			example, use "2>/dev/null" to get rid of banner
			messages on unix systems.


 *g:netrw_liststyle*		Set the default listing style:
                               = 0: thin listing (one file per line)
                               = 1: long listing (one file per line with time
			     stamp information and file size)
			= 2: wide listing (multiple files in columns)
			= 3: tree style listing

 *g:netrw_list_hide*		comma-separated pattern list for hiding files
			Patterns are regular expressions (see |regexp|)
			There's some special support for git-ignore
			files: you may add the output from the helper
			function 'netrw_gitignore#Hide() automatically
			hiding all gitignored files.
			For more details see |netrw-gitignore|.
			 default: ""

			Examples: >
			  let g:netrw_list_hide= '.*\.swp$'
			  let g:netrw_list_hide= netrw_gitignore#Hide() .. '.*\.swp$'
<
 *g:netrw_localcopycmd*	="cp"           Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
			=expand("$COMSPEC")             Windows
			Copies marked files (|netrw-mf|) to target
			directory (|netrw-mt|, |netrw-mc|)

 *g:netrw_localcopycmdopt*	=''             Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
			=' \c copy'                     Windows
			Options for the |g:netrw_localcopycmd|

 *g:netrw_localcopydircmd*	="cp"           Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
			=expand("$COMSPEC")             Windows
			Copies directories to target directory.
			(|netrw-mc|, |netrw-mt|)

 *g:netrw_localcopydircmdopt*	=" -R"          Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
			=" /c xcopy /e /c /h/ /i /k"    Windows
			Options for |g:netrw_localcopydircmd|

 *g:netrw_localmkdir*		="mkdir"        Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
			=expand("$COMSPEC")             Windows
                               command for making a local directory

 *g:netrw_localmkdiropt*	=""             Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
			=" /c mkdir"                    Windows
			Options for |g:netrw_localmkdir|

 *g:netrw_localmovecmd*	="mv"           Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
			=expand("$COMSPEC")             Windows
			Moves marked files (|netrw-mf|) to target
			directory (|netrw-mt|, |netrw-mm|)

 *g:netrw_localmovecmdopt*	=""             Linux/Unix/MacOS/Cygwin
			=" /c move"                     Windows
			Options for |g:netrw_localmovecmd|

 *g:netrw_maxfilenamelen*	=32 by default, selected so as to make long
			    listings fit on 80 column displays.
			If your screen is wider, and you have file
			or directory names longer than 32 bytes,
			you may set this option to keep listings
			columnar.

 *g:netrw_mkdir_cmd*		command for making a remote directory
			via ssh  (also see |g:netrw_remote_mkdir|)
			 default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME mkdir"

 *g:netrw_mousemaps*		  =1 (default) enables mouse buttons while
			   browsing to:
			     leftmouse       : open file/directory
			     shift-leftmouse : mark file
			     middlemouse     : same as P
			     rightmouse      : remove file/directory
			=0: disables mouse maps

*g:netrw_sizestyle*		not defined: actual bytes (default)
			="b" : actual bytes       (default)
			="h" : human-readable (ex. 5k, 4m, 3g)
			       uses 1000 base
			="H" : human-readable (ex. 5K, 4M, 3G)
			       uses 1024 base
			The long listing (|netrw-i|) and query-file
			maps (|netrw-qf|) will display file size
			using the specified style.

 *g:netrw_usetab*		if this variable exists and is non-zero, then
			the <tab> map supporting shrinking/expanding a
			Lexplore or netrw window will be enabled.
			(see |netrw-c-tab|)

 *g:netrw_remote_mkdir*	command for making a remote directory
			via ftp  (also see |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|)
			 default: "mkdir"

 *g:netrw_retmap*		if it exists and is set to one, then:
			 * if in a netrw-selected file, AND
			 * no normal-mode <2-leftmouse> mapping exists,
			then the <2-leftmouse> will be mapped for easy
			return to the netrw browser window.
			 example: click once to select and open a file,
			          double-click to return.

			Note that one may instead choose to:
			 * let g:netrw_retmap= 1, AND
			 * nmap <silent> YourChoice <Plug>NetrwReturn
			and have another mapping instead of
			<2-leftmouse> to invoke the return.

			You may also use the |:Rexplore| command to do
			the same thing.

			  default: =0

 *g:netrw_rm_cmd*		command for removing remote files
			 default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rm"

 *g:netrw_rmdir_cmd*		command for removing remote directories
			 default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rmdir"

 *g:netrw_rmf_cmd*		command for removing remote softlinks
			 default: "ssh USEPORT HOSTNAME rm -f"

 *g:netrw_servername*		use this variable to provide a name for
			|netrw-ctrl-r| to use for its server.
			 default: "NETRWSERVER"

 *g:netrw_sort_by*		sort by "name", "time", "size", or
			"exten".
			 default: "name"

 *g:netrw_sort_direction*	sorting direction: "normal" or "reverse"
			 default: "normal"

 *g:netrw_sort_options*	sorting is done using |:sort|; this
			variable's value is appended to the
			sort command.  Thus one may ignore case,
			for example, with the following in your
			.vimrc: >
				let g:netrw_sort_options="i"
<				 default: ""

 *g:netrw_sort_sequence*	when sorting by name, first sort by the
			comma-separated pattern sequence.  Note that
			any filigree added to indicate filetypes
			should be accounted for in your pattern.
			 default: '[\/]$,*,\.bak$,\.o$,\.h$,
			           \.info$,\.swp$,\.obj$'

 *g:netrw_special_syntax*	If true, then certain files will be shown
			using special syntax in the browser:

				netrwBak     : *.bak
				netrwCompress: *.gz *.bz2 *.Z *.zip
				netrwCoreDump: core.\d\+
				netrwData    : *.dat
				netrwDoc     : *.doc,*.txt,*.pdf,
				               *.pdf,*.docx
				netrwHdr     : *.h
				netrwLex     : *.l *.lex
				netrwLib     : *.a *.so *.lib *.dll
				netrwMakefile: [mM]akefile *.mak
				netrwObj     : *.o *.obj
				netrwPix     : *.bmp,*.fit,*.fits,*.gif,
				               *.jpg,*.jpeg,*.pcx,*.ppc
				               *.pgm,*.png,*.psd,*.rgb
				               *.tif,*.xbm,*.xcf
				netrwTags    : tags ANmenu ANtags
				netrwTilde   : *
				netrwTmp     : tmp* *tmp
				netrwYacc    : *.y

			In addition, those groups mentioned in
			'suffixes' are also added to the special
			file highlighting group.
			 These syntax highlighting groups are linked
			to netrwGray or Folded by default
			(see |hl-Folded|), but one may put lines like >
				hi link netrwCompress Visual
<				into one's <.vimrc> to use one's own
			preferences.  Alternatively, one may
			put such specifications into >
				.vim/after/syntax/netrw.vim.
<				 The netrwGray highlighting is set up by
			netrw when >
				* netrwGray has not been previously
				  defined
				* the gui is running
<				 As an example, I myself use a dark-background
			colorscheme with the following in
			.vim/after/syntax/netrw.vim: >

hi netrwCompress term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=10 guifg=green  ctermbg=0 guibg=black
hi netrwData	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=9 guifg=blue ctermbg=0 guibg=black
hi netrwHdr	  term=NONE cterm=NONE,italic gui=NONE guifg=SeaGreen1
hi netrwLex	  term=NONE cterm=NONE,italic gui=NONE guifg=SeaGreen1
hi netrwYacc	  term=NONE cterm=NONE,italic gui=NONE guifg=SeaGreen1
hi netrwLib	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=14 guifg=yellow
hi netrwObj	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=12 guifg=red
hi netrwTilde	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=12 guifg=red
hi netrwTmp	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=12 guifg=red
hi netrwTags	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=12 guifg=red
hi netrwDoc	  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=220 ctermbg=27 guifg=yellow2 guibg=Blue3
hi netrwSymLink  term=NONE cterm=NONE gui=NONE ctermfg=220 ctermbg=27 guifg=grey60
<
 *g:netrw_ssh_browse_reject*	ssh can sometimes produce unwanted lines,
			messages, banners, and whatnot that one doesn't
			want masquerading as "directories" and "files".
			Use this pattern to remove such embedded
			messages.  By default its value is:
				 '^total\s\+\d\+$'

 *g:netrw_ssh_cmd*		One may specify an executable command
			to use instead of ssh for remote actions
			such as listing, file removal, etc.
			 default: ssh

 *g:netrw_tmpfile_escape*	=' &;'
			escape() is applied to all temporary files
			to escape these characters.

 *g:netrw_timefmt*		specify format string to vim's strftime().
			The default, "%c", is "the preferred date
			and time representation for the current
			locale" according to my manpage entry for
			strftime(); however, not all are satisfied
			with it.  Some alternatives:
			 "%a %d %b %Y %T",
			 " %a %Y-%m-%d  %I-%M-%S %p"
			 default: "%c"

 *g:netrw_use_noswf*		netrw normally avoids writing swapfiles
			for browser buffers.  However, under some
			systems this apparently is causing nasty
			ml_get errors to appear; if you're getting
			ml_get errors, try putting
			  let g:netrw_use_noswf= 0
			in your .vimrc.
			  default: 1

 *g:netrw_winsize*		specify initial size of new windows made with
			"o" (see |netrw-o|), "v" (see |netrw-v|),
			|:Hexplore| or |:Vexplore|.  The g:netrw_winsize
			is an integer describing the percentage of the
			current netrw buffer's window to be used for
			the new window.
			 If g:netrw_winsize is less than zero, then
			the absolute value of g:netrw_winsize will be
			used to specify the quantity of lines or
			columns for the new window.
			 If g:netrw_winsize is zero, then a normal
			split will be made (ie. 'equalalways' will
			take effect, for example).
			 default: 50  (for 50%)

 *g:netrw_wiw*			=1 specifies the minimum window width to use
			when shrinking a netrw/Lexplore window
			(see |netrw-c-tab|).

 *g:netrw_xstrlen*		Controls how netrw computes string lengths,
			including multi-byte characters' string
			length. (thanks to N Weibull, T Mechelynck)
			=0: uses Vim's built-in strlen()
			=1: number of codepoints (Latin a + combining
			    circumflex is two codepoints)  (DEFAULT)
			=2: number of spacing codepoints (Latin a +
			    combining circumflex is one spacing
			    codepoint; a hard tab is one; wide and
			    narrow CJK are one each; etc.)
			=3: virtual length (counting tabs as anything
			    between 1 and 'tabstop', wide CJK as 2
			    rather than 1, Arabic alif as zero when
			    immediately preceded by lam, one
			    otherwise, etc)

 *g:NetrwTopLvlMenu*		This variable specifies the top level
			menu name; by default, it's "Netrw.".  If
			you wish to change this, do so in your
			.vimrc.

NETRW BROWSING AND OPTION INCOMPATIBILITIES	*netrw-incompatible* {{{2

Netrw has been designed to handle user options by saving them, setting the
options to something that's compatible with netrw's needs, and then restoring
them.  However, the autochdir option: >
:set acd
is problematic.  Autochdir sets the current directory to that containing the
file you edit; this apparently also applies to directories.  In other words,
autochdir sets the current directory to that containing the "file" (even if
that "file" is itself a directory).


==============================================================================
OBTAINING A FILE					*netrw-obtain* *netrw-O* {{{2

If there are no marked files:

   When browsing a remote directory, one may obtain a file under the cursor
   (ie.  get a copy on your local machine, but not edit it) by pressing the O
   key.

If there are marked files:

   The marked files will be obtained (ie. a copy will be transferred to your
   local machine, but not set up for editing).

Only ftp and scp are supported for this operation (but since these two are
available for browsing, that shouldn't be a problem).  The status bar will
then show, on its right hand side, a message like "Obtaining filename".  The
statusline will be restored after the transfer is complete.

Netrw can also "obtain" a file using the local browser.  Netrw's display
of a directory is not necessarily the same as Vim's "current directory",
unless |g:netrw_keepdir| is set to 0 in the user's <.vimrc>.  One may select
a file using the local browser (by putting the cursor on it) and pressing
"O" will then "obtain" the file; ie. copy it to Vim's current directory.

Related topics:
* To see what the current directory is, use |:pwd|
* To make the currently browsed directory the current directory, see
  |netrw-cd|
* To automatically make the currently browsed directory the current
  directory, see |g:netrw_keepdir|.

				*netrw-newfile* *netrw-createfile*
OPEN A NEW FILE IN NETRW'S CURRENT DIRECTORY		*netrw-%* {{{2

To open a new file in netrw's current directory, press "%".  This map
will query the user for a new filename; an empty file by that name will
be placed in the netrw's current directory (ie. b:netrw_curdir).

If Lexplore (|netrw-:Lexplore|) is in use, the new file will be generated
in the |g:netrw_chgwin| window.

Related topics:               |netrw-d|


PREVIEW WINDOW				*netrw-p* *netrw-preview* {{{2

One may use a preview window by using the "p" key when the cursor is atop the
desired filename to be previewed.  The display will then split to show both
the browser (where the cursor will remain) and the file (see |:pedit|).  By
default, the split will be taken horizontally; one may use vertical splitting
if one has set |g:netrw_preview| first.

An interesting set of netrw settings is: >

let g:netrw_preview   = 1
let g:netrw_liststyle = 3
let g:netrw_winsize   = 30

These will:

1. Make vertical splitting the default for previewing files
2. Make the default listing style "tree"
3. When a vertical preview window is opened, the directory listing
   will use only 30% of the columns available; the rest of the window
   is used for the preview window.

Related: if you like this idea, you may also find :Lexplore
         (|netrw-:Lexplore|) or |g:netrw_chgwin| of interest

Also see: |g:netrw_chgwin| |netrw-P| 'previewwindow' |CTRL-W_z| |:pclose|


PREVIOUS WINDOW					*netrw-P* *netrw-prvwin* {{{2

To edit a file or directory under the cursor in the previously used (last
accessed) window (see :he |CTRL-W_p|), press a "P".  If there's only one
window, then the one window will be horizontally split (by default).

If there's more than one window, the previous window will be re-used on
the selected file/directory.  If the previous window's associated buffer
has been modified, and there's only one window with that buffer, then
the user will be asked if they wish to save the buffer first (yes, no, or
cancel).

Related Actions |netrw-cr| |netrw-o| |netrw-t| |netrw-v|
Associated setting variables:
  |g:netrw_alto|    control above/below splitting
  |g:netrw_altv|    control right/left splitting
  |g:netrw_preview| control horizontal vs vertical splitting
  |g:netrw_winsize| control initial sizing

Also see: |g:netrw_chgwin| |netrw-p|


REFRESHING THE LISTING		*netrw-refresh* *netrw-ctrl-l* *netrw-ctrl_l* {{{2

To refresh either a local or remote directory listing, press ctrl-l (<c-l>) or
hit the <cr> when atop the ./ directory entry in the listing.  One may also
refresh a local directory by using ":e .".


REVERSING SORTING ORDER		*netrw-r* *netrw-reverse* {{{2

One may toggle between normal and reverse sorting order by pressing the
"r" key.

Related topics:              |netrw-s|
Associated setting variable: |g:netrw_sort_direction|


RENAMING FILES OR DIRECTORIES	*netrw-move* *netrw-rename* *netrw-R* {{{2

If there are no marked files: (see |netrw-mf|)

   Renaming files and directories involves moving the cursor to the
   file/directory to be moved (renamed) and pressing "R".  You will then be
   queried for what you want the file/directory to be renamed to.  You may
   select a range of lines with the "V" command (visual selection), and then
   press "R"; you will be queried for each file as to what you want it
   renamed to.

If there are marked files:  (see |netrw-mf|)

   Marked files will be renamed (moved).  You will be queried as above in
   order to specify where you want the file/directory to be moved.

   If you answer a renaming query with a "s/frompattern/topattern/", then
   subsequent files on the marked file list will be renamed by taking each
   name, applying that substitute, and renaming each file to the result.
   As an example : >

mr  [query: reply with *.c]
R   [query: reply with s/^\(.*\)\.c$/\1.cpp/]
<
   This example will mark all "*.c" files and then rename them to "*.cpp"
   files.  Netrw will protect you from overwriting local files without
   confirmation, but not remote ones.

   The ctrl-X character has special meaning for renaming files: >

<c-x>      : a single ctrl-x tells netrw to ignore the portion of the response
             lying between the last '/' and the ctrl-x.

<c-x><c-x> : a pair of contiguous ctrl-x's tells netrw to ignore any
	     portion of the string preceding the double ctrl-x's.
<
   WARNING: ~

   Note that moving files is a dangerous operation; copies are safer.  That's
   because a "move" for remote files is actually a copy + delete -- and if
   the copy fails and the delete succeeds you may lose the file.
   Use at your own risk.

The *g:netrw_rename_cmd* variable is used to implement remote renaming.  By
default its value is: >

ssh HOSTNAME mv
<
One may rename a block of files and directories by selecting them with
V (|linewise-visual|) when using thin style.

See |cmdline-editing| for more on how to edit the command line; in particular,
you'll find <ctrl-f> (initiates cmdline window editing) and <ctrl-c> (uses the
command line under the cursor) useful in conjunction with the R command.


SELECTING SORTING STYLE			*netrw-s* *netrw-sort* {{{2

One may select the sorting style by name, time, or (file) size.  The "s" map
allows one to circulate amongst the three choices; the directory listing will
automatically be refreshed to reflect the selected style.

Related topics:               |netrw-r| |netrw-S|
Associated setting variables: |g:netrw_sort_by| |g:netrw_sort_sequence|


SETTING EDITING WINDOW		*netrw-editwindow* *netrw-C* *netrw-:NetrwC* {{{2

One may select a netrw window for editing with the "C" mapping, using the
:NetrwC [win#] command, or by setting |g:netrw_chgwin| to the selected window
number.  Subsequent selection of a file to edit (|netrw-cr|) will use that
window.

* C : by itself, will select the current window holding a netrw buffer
  for subsequent editing via |netrw-cr|.  The C mapping is only available
  while in netrw buffers.

* [count]C : the count will be used as the window number to be used
  for subsequent editing via |netrw-cr|.

* :NetrwC will set |g:netrw_chgwin| to the current window

* :NetrwC win#  will set |g:netrw_chgwin| to the specified window
  number

Using >
let g:netrw_chgwin= -1
will restore the default editing behavior
(ie. subsequent editing will use the current window).

Related topics:			|netrw-cr| |g:netrw_browse_split|
Associated setting variables:	|g:netrw_chgwin|


SHRINKING OR EXPANDING A NETRW OR LEXPLORE WINDOW	*netrw-c-tab* {{{2

The <c-tab> key will toggle a netrw or |:Lexplore| window's width,
but only if |g:netrw_usetab| exists and is non-zero (and, of course,
only if your terminal supports differentiating <c-tab> from a plain
<tab>).

 * If the current window is a netrw window, toggle its width
   (between |g:netrw_wiw| and its original width)

 * Else if there is a |:Lexplore| window in the current tab, toggle
   its width

 * Else bring up a |:Lexplore| window

If |g:netrw_usetab| exists and is zero, or if there is a pre-existing mapping
for <c-tab>, then the <c-tab> will not be mapped.  One may map something other
than a <c-tab>, too: (but you'll still need to have had |g:netrw_usetab| set). >

nmap <unique> (whatever)	<Plug>NetrwShrink
<
Related topics:			|:Lexplore|
Associated setting variable:	|g:netrw_usetab|


USER SPECIFIED MAPS					*netrw-usermaps* {{{1

One may make customized user maps.  Specify a variable, |g:Netrw_UserMaps|,
to hold a |List| of lists of keymap strings and function names: >

[["keymap-sequence","ExampleUserMapFunc"],...]
<
When netrw is setting up maps for a netrw buffer, if |g:Netrw_UserMaps|
exists, then the internal function netrw#UserMaps(islocal) is called.
This function goes through all the entries in the |g:Netrw_UserMaps| list:

* sets up maps: >
	nno <buffer> <silent> KEYMAP-SEQUENCE
	:call s:UserMaps(islocal,"ExampleUserMapFunc")
<	* refreshes if result from that function call is the string
  "refresh"
* if the result string is not "", then that string will be
  executed (:exe result)
* if the result is a List, then the above two actions on results
  will be taken for every string in the result List

The user function is passed one argument; it resembles >

fun! ExampleUserMapFunc(islocal)
<
where a:islocal is 1 if its a local-directory system call or 0 when
remote-directory system call.

		        *netrw-call*  *netrw-expose*  *netrw-modify*
Use netrw#Expose("varname")          to access netrw-internal (script-local)
			     variables.
Use netrw#Modify("varname",newvalue) to change netrw-internal variables.
Use netrw#Call("funcname"[,args])    to call a netrw-internal function with
			     specified arguments.

Example: Get a copy of netrw's marked file list: >

let netrwmarkfilelist= netrw#Expose("netrwmarkfilelist")
<
Example: Modify the value of netrw's marked file list: >

call netrw#Modify("netrwmarkfilelist",[])
<
Example: Clear netrw's marked file list via a mapping on gu >
   " ExampleUserMap: {{{2
   fun! ExampleUserMap(islocal)
     call netrw#Modify("netrwmarkfilelist",[])
     call netrw#Modify('netrwmarkfilemtch_{bufnr("%")}',"")
     let retval= ["refresh"]
     return retval
   endfun
   let g:Netrw_UserMaps= [["gu","ExampleUserMap"]]
<

10. Problems and Fixes					*netrw-problems* {{{1

(This section is likely to grow as I get feedback)
							*netrw-p1*
P1. I use Windows, and my network browsing with ftp doesn't sort by {{{2
    time or size!  -or-  The remote system is a Windows server; why
    don't I get sorts by time or size?

	Windows' ftp has a minimal support for ls (ie. it doesn't
	accept sorting options).  It doesn't support the -F which
	gives an explanatory character (ABC/ for "ABC is a directory").
	Netrw then uses "dir" to get both its thin and long listings.
	If you think your ftp does support a full-up ls, put the
	following into your <.vimrc>: >

		let g:netrw_ftp_list_cmd    = "ls -lF"
		let g:netrw_ftp_timelist_cmd= "ls -tlF"
		let g:netrw_ftp_sizelist_cmd= "ls -slF"
<
	Alternatively, if you have cygwin on your Windows box, put
	into your <.vimrc>: >

		let g:netrw_cygwin= 1
<
	This problem also occurs when the remote system is Windows.
	In this situation, the various g:netrw_ftp_[time|size]list_cmds
	are as shown above, but the remote system will not correctly
	modify its listing behavior.


							*netrw-p2*
P2. I tried rcp://user@host/ (or protocol other than ftp) and netrw {{{2
    used ssh!  That wasn't what I asked for...

	Netrw has two methods for browsing remote directories: ssh
	and ftp.  Unless you specify ftp specifically, ssh is used.
	When it comes time to do download a file (not just a directory
	listing), netrw will use the given protocol to do so.

							*netrw-p3*
P3. I would like long listings to be the default.                   {{{2

	Put the following statement into your |vimrc|: >

		let g:netrw_liststyle= 1
<
	Check out |netrw-browser-var| for more customizations that
	you can set.

							*netrw-p4*
P4. My times come up oddly in local browsing                        {{{2

	Does your system's strftime() accept the "%c" to yield dates
	such as "Sun Apr 27 11:49:23 1997"?  If not, do a
	"man strftime" and find out what option should be used.  Then
	put it into your |vimrc|: >

		let g:netrw_timefmt= "%X"  (where X is the option)
<
							*netrw-p5*
P5. I want my current directory to track my browsing.               {{{2
    How do I do that?

    Put the following line in your |vimrc|:
>
	let g:netrw_keepdir= 0
<
							*netrw-p6*
P6. I use Chinese (or other non-ascii) characters in my filenames,  {{{2
    and netrw (Explore, Sexplore, Hexplore, etc) doesn't display them!

	(taken from an answer provided by Wu Yongwei on the vim
	mailing list)
	I now see the problem. Your code page is not 936, right? Vim
	seems only able to open files with names that are valid in the
	current code page, as are many other applications that do not
	use the Unicode version of Windows APIs. This is an OS-related
	issue. You should not have such problems when the system
	locale uses UTF-8, such as modern Linux distros.

	(...it is one more reason to recommend that people use utf-8!)

							*netrw-p7*
P7. I'm getting "ssh is not executable on your system" -- what do I {{{2
    do?

	(Dudley Fox) Most people I know use putty for windows ssh.  It
	is a free ssh/telnet application. You can read more about it
	here:

	http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/ Also:

	(Marlin Unruh) This program also works for me. It's a single
	executable, so he/she can copy it into the Windows\System32
	folder and create a shortcut to it.

	(Dudley Fox) You might also wish to consider plink, as it
	sounds most similar to what you are looking for. plink is an
	application in the putty suite.

          http://the.earth.li/~sgtatham/putty/0.58/htmldoc/Chapter7.html#plink

	(Vissale Neang) Maybe you can try OpenSSH for windows, which
	can be obtained from:

	http://sshwindows.sourceforge.net/

	It doesn't need the full Cygwin package.

	(Antoine Mechelynck) For individual Unix-like programs needed
	for work in a native-Windows environment, I recommend getting
	them from the GnuWin32 project on sourceforge if it has them:

	    http://gnuwin32.sourceforge.net/

	Unlike Cygwin, which sets up a Unix-like virtual machine on
	top of Windows, GnuWin32 is a rewrite of Unix utilities with
	Windows system calls, and its programs works quite well in the
	cmd.exe "Dos box".

	(dave) Download WinSCP and use that to connect to the server.
	In Preferences > Editors, set gvim as your editor:

		- Click "Add..."
		- Set External Editor (adjust path as needed, include
		  the quotes and !.! at the end):
		    "c:\Program Files\Vim\vim82\gvim.exe" !.!
		- Check that the filetype in the box below is
		  {asterisk}.{asterisk} (all files), or whatever types
		  you want (cec: change {asterisk} to * ; I had to
		  write it that way because otherwise the helptags
		  system thinks it's a tag)
		- Make sure it's at the top of the listbox (click it,
		  then click "Up" if it's not)
	If using the Norton Commander style, you just have to hit <F4>
	to edit a file in a local copy of gvim.

	(Vit Gottwald) How to generate public/private key and save
	public key it on server: >
 http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter8.html#pubkey-gettingready
		(8.3 Getting ready for public key authentication)
<
	How to use a private key with "pscp": >

 http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/0.60/htmldoc/Chapter5.html
		(5.2.4 Using public key authentication with PSCP)
<
	(Ben Schmidt) I find the ssh included with cwRsync is
	brilliant, and install cwRsync or cwRsyncServer on most
	Windows systems I come across these days. I guess COPSSH,
	packed by the same person, is probably even better for use as
	just ssh on Windows, and probably includes sftp, etc. which I
	suspect the cwRsync doesn't, though it might

	(cec) To make proper use of these suggestions above, you will
	need to modify the following user-settable variables in your
	.vimrc:

	|g:netrw_ssh_cmd| |g:netrw_list_cmd|  |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|
	|g:netrw_rm_cmd|  |g:netrw_rmdir_cmd| |g:netrw_rmf_cmd|

	The first one (|g:netrw_ssh_cmd|) is the most important; most
	of the others will use the string in g:netrw_ssh_cmd by
	default.

					*netrw-p8* *netrw-ml_get*
P8. I'm browsing, changing directory, and bang!  ml_get errors      {{{2
    appear and I have to kill vim.  Any way around this?

	Normally netrw attempts to avoid writing swapfiles for
	its temporary directory buffers.  However, on some systems
	this attempt appears to be causing ml_get errors to
	appear.  Please try setting |g:netrw_use_noswf| to 0
	in your <.vimrc>: >
		let g:netrw_use_noswf= 0
<
							*netrw-p9*
P9. I'm being pestered with "[something] is a directory" and       {{{2
     "Press ENTER or type command to continue" prompts...

	The "[something] is a directory" prompt is issued by Vim,
	not by netrw, and there appears to be no way to work around
	it.  Coupled with the default cmdheight of 1, this message
	causes the "Press ENTER..." prompt.  So:  read |hit-enter|;
	I also suggest that you set your 'cmdheight' to 2 (or more) in
	your <.vimrc> file.

							*netrw-p10*
P10. I want to have two windows; a thin one on the left and my      {{{2
     editing window on the right.  How may I accomplish this?

     You probably want netrw running as in a side window.  If so, you
     will likely find that ":[N]Lexplore" does what you want.  The
     optional "[N]" allows you to select the quantity of columns you
     wish the |:Lexplore|r window to start with (see |g:netrw_winsize|
     for how this parameter works).

     Previous solution:

	* Put the following line in your <.vimrc>:
		let g:netrw_altv = 1
	* Edit the current directory:  :e .
	* Select some file, press v
	* Resize the windows as you wish (see |CTRL-W_<| and
	  |CTRL-W_>|).  If you're using gvim, you can drag
	  the separating bar with your mouse.
	* When you want a new file, use  ctrl-w h  to go back to the
	  netrw browser, select a file, then press P  (see |CTRL-W_h|
	  and |netrw-P|).  If you're using gvim, you can press
	  <leftmouse> in the browser window and then press the
	  <middlemouse> to select the file.


							*netrw-p11*
P11. My directory isn't sorting correctly, or unwanted letters are  {{{2
     appearing in the listed filenames, or things aren't lining
     up properly in the wide listing, ...

     This may be due to an encoding problem.  I myself usually use
     utf-8, but really only use ascii (ie. bytes from 32-126).
     Multibyte encodings use two (or more) bytes per character.
     You may need to change |g:netrw_sepchr| and/or |g:netrw_xstrlen|.

							*netrw-p12*
P12. I'm a Windows + putty + ssh user, and when I attempt to        {{{2
     browse, the directories are missing trailing "/"s so netrw treats
     them as file transfers instead of as attempts to browse
     subdirectories.  How may I fix this?

     (mikeyao) If you want to use vim via ssh and putty under Windows,
     try combining the use of pscp/psftp with plink.  pscp/psftp will
     be used to connect and plink will be used to execute commands on
     the server, for example: list files and directory using 'ls'.

     These are the settings I use to do this:
>
    " list files, it's the key setting, if you haven't set,
    " you will get a blank buffer
    let g:netrw_list_cmd = "plink HOSTNAME ls -Fa"
    " if you haven't add putty directory in system path, you should
    " specify scp/sftp command.  For examples:
    "let g:netrw_sftp_cmd = "d:\\dev\\putty\\PSFTP.exe"
    "let g:netrw_scp_cmd = "d:\\dev\\putty\\PSCP.exe"
<
							*netrw-p13*
P13. I would like to speed up writes using Nwrite and scp/ssh       {{{2
     style connections.  How?  (Thomer M. Gil)

     Try using ssh's ControlMaster and ControlPath (see the ssh_config
     man page) to share multiple ssh connections over a single network
     connection. That cuts out the cryptographic handshake on each
     file write, sometimes speeding it up by an order of magnitude.
     (see  http://thomer.com/howtos/netrw_ssh.html)
     (included by permission)

     Add the following to your ~/.ssh/config: >

	 # you change "*" to the hostname you care about
	 Host *
	   ControlMaster auto
	   ControlPath /tmp/%r@%h:%p

<	     Then create an ssh connection to the host and leave it running: >

	 ssh -N host.domain.com

<	     Now remotely open a file with Vim's Netrw and enjoy the
     zippiness: >

	vim scp://host.domain.com//home/user/.bashrc
<
							*netrw-p14*
P14. How may I use a double-click instead of netrw's usual single   {{{2
     click to open a file or directory?  (Ben Fritz)

     First, disable netrw's mapping with >
	    let g:netrw_mousemaps= 0
<	     and then create a netrw buffer only mapping in
     $HOME/.vim/after/ftplugin/netrw.vim: >
	    nmap <buffer> <2-leftmouse> <CR>
<	     Note that setting g:netrw_mousemaps to zero will turn off
     all netrw's mouse mappings, not just the <leftmouse> one.
     (see |g:netrw_mousemaps|)

							*netrw-p15*
P15. When editing remote files (ex. :e ftp://hostname/path/file),   {{{2
     under Windows I get an |E303| message complaining that its unable
     to open a swap file.

     (romainl) It looks like you are starting Vim from a protected
     directory.  Start netrw from your $HOME or other writable
     directory.

							*netrw-p16*
P16. Netrw is closing buffers on its own.                           {{{2
     What steps will reproduce the problem?
	1. :Explore, navigate directories, open a file
	2. :Explore, open another file
	3. Buffer opened in step 1 will be closed. o
    What is the expected output? What do you see instead?
	I expect both buffers to exist, but only the last one does.

   (Lance) Problem is caused by "set autochdir" in .vimrc.
   (drchip) I am able to duplicate this problem with 'acd' set.
            It appears that the buffers are not exactly closed;
	    a ":ls!" will show them (although ":ls" does not).

							*netrw-P17*
P17. How to locally edit a file that's only available via           {{{2
     another server accessible via ssh?
     See http://stackoverflow.com/questions/12469645/
     "Using Vim to Remotely Edit A File on ServerB Only
      Accessible From ServerA"

							*netrw-P18*
P18. How do I get numbering on in directory listings?               {{{2
	With |g:netrw_bufsettings|, you can control netrw's buffer
	settings; try putting >
	  let g:netrw_bufsettings="noma nomod nu nobl nowrap ro nornu"
<		in your .vimrc.  If you'd like to have relative numbering
	instead, try >
	  let g:netrw_bufsettings="noma nomod nonu nobl nowrap ro rnu"
<
							*netrw-P19*
P19. How may I have gvim start up showing a directory listing?      {{{2
	Try putting the following code snippet into your .vimrc: >
	    augroup VimStartup
	      au!
	      au VimEnter * if expand("%") == "" && argc() == 0 &&
	      \ (v:servername =~ 'GVIM\d*' || v:servername == "")
	      \ | e . | endif
	    augroup END
<		You may use Lexplore instead of "e" if you're so inclined.
	This snippet assumes that you have client-server enabled
	(ie. a "huge" vim version).

							*netrw-P20*
P20. I've made a directory (or file) with an accented character,    {{{2
	but netrw isn't letting me enter that directory/read that file:

	Its likely that the shell or o/s is using a different encoding
	than you have vim (netrw) using.  A patch to vim supporting
	"systemencoding" may address this issue in the future; for
	now, just have netrw use the proper encoding.  For example: >

		au FileType netrw set enc=latin1
<
							*netrw-P21*
P21. I get an error message when I try to copy or move a file:      {{{2
>
	**error** (netrw) tried using g:netrw_localcopycmd<cp>; it doesn't work!
<
     What's wrong?

     Netrw uses several system level commands to do things (see

	 |g:netrw_localcopycmd|, |g:netrw_localmovecmd|,
	 |g:netrw_mkdir_cmd|).

    You may need to adjust the default commands for one or more of
    these commands by setting them properly in your .vimrc.  Another
    source of difficulty is that these commands use vim's local
    directory, which may not be the same as the browsing directory
    shown by netrw (see |g:netrw_keepdir|).

==============================================================================
11. Credits						*netrw-credits* {{{1

Vim editor	by Bram Moolenaar (Thanks, Bram!)
dav		support by C Campbell
fetch		support by Bram Moolenaar and C Campbell
ftp		support by C Campbell <NcampObell@SdrPchip.AorgM-NOSPAM>
http		support by Bram Moolenaar <bram@moolenaar.net>
rcp
rsync		support by C Campbell (suggested by Erik Warendorph)
scp		support by raf <raf@comdyn.com.au>
sftp		support by C Campbell

inputsecret(), BufReadCmd, BufWriteCmd contributed by C Campbell

Jérôme Augé		-- also using new buffer method with ftp+.netrc
Bram Moolenaar		-- obviously vim itself, :e and v:cmdarg use,
                           fetch,...
Yasuhiro Matsumoto	-- pointing out undo+0r problem and a solution
Erik Warendorph		-- for several suggestions (g:netrw_..._cmd
			   variables, rsync etc)
Doug Claar		-- modifications to test for success with ftp
                           operation

==============================================================================
Modelines: {{{1
vim:tw=78:ts=8:ft=help:noet:norl:fdm=marker